柴油机的维修保养方法与节油技巧

柴油机维修保养的技巧与方法

Diesel engine repair and maintenance methods and techniques of

一、保养技巧

One, maintenance skills

1、柴油发动机的“飞车”现象及应急措施“飞车”或超速是发动机特有的一种现象。“飞车”时柴油机转速失去控制，而且越来越快，以至超过允许的最高转速并伴随有巨大声响，严重时导致机件损坏报废。引起“飞车”主要原因有两方面：一是喷油泵调速器本身的故障，使其丧失了正常的调整特性；另一方面是柴油机调速特性的改变，其特征是喷油泵调速器本身没有故障，而柴油机在运转过程中有额外柴油或机油进入燃烧室燃烧。发生“飞车”现象应采取紧急措施，发动机转速高到一定程度时会发生故障。制止超速的紧急措施有：

In 1, diesel engine "flying car" phenomenon and its emergency measures" coaster" or speeding is a peculiar phenomenon of engine. " Runaway" diesel engine speed is out of control, but also more and more quickly, and exceed the maximum allowed speed and with a great noise, leading to severe damage to parts scrapped. " Runaway" due to two main reasons : one is the fault of fuel injection pump governor itself, that the loss of the normal adjustment characteristics; on the other hand, is a diesel engine speed regulation characteristic changes, its characteristic is the injection pump governor itself has no fault, and the diesel engine during the operation process with additional diesel oil or engine oil from entering the combustion chamber combustion. " Runaway" phenomenon should take emergency measures, at high engine speeds to a certain extent will malfunction. To stop speeding emergency measures:

（1）迅速将加速踏板收回到停车位置。

(1) rapidly accelerating pedal back in the parking position.

（2）有减速装置的，迅速将减压手柄拉到停油位置（或减压位置）。

(2) a deceleration device, rapid decompression handle is pulled to stop oil position (or reducing position ).

（3）及时挂入高速挡，踏下制动踏板，缓抬离合器，使发动机熄火。

(3) to hang into high gear, depress the brake pedal, slowly release the clutch, the engine flameout.

（4）迅速断开高压油管，停止供油。

(4) quickly disconnect the high pressure oil pipe, oil supply stop.

（5）迅速用衣服包紧空气滤清器，使发动机断气熄火。

(5) quickly with a clothes bag air filter, so that the engine expiration blowout.

以上五步简称“减速、减压、制动、断气”。

The five steps above referred to as the" reduction, decompression, brake, die".

2、柴油机各缸工作情况检查方法

In 2, the cylinders of diesel engine working condition inspection method

（1）听音法：用听诊器或借助金属棒，靠近喷油器体的部位，倾听各缸爆发的声音，正常的声音类似金属敲击“当当”的声响。若只有“嗬嗬”连续不干脆的响声时，则该缸供油太少或是没有及时着火，如敲击声很大，说明该缸供油量太大或喷油时间过早。

(1) listen and act: stethoscope or with the aid of a metal bar, near the injector body parts, listen to each cylinder explosion sound, normal metal percussion sounds similar to" should". If only the" Ho" continuous not just noise, then the cylinder oil supply too little or no timely ignition, such as percussion sound is very big, the cylinder oil supply amount is too large or injection time of premature.

（2）观色法：柴油机工作正常时，排出的废气颜色为淡灰色，负荷大时略深。如排黑气，说明可燃气体燃烧不完全。排蓝烟，表明润滑油进入气缸内燃烧。排白烟，则说明柴油机中有水，可燃气体未燃烧也排白烟。排气管连续排出不正常的烟色，说明个别缸工作不正常。

(2) view color method: diesel engine working normally, exhaust gas colour is pale gray, when the load is large slightly deep. If the row of black gas, illustrate the combustible gas incomplete combustion. Rows of blue smoke, show that the lubricating oil into the cylinder combustion. Rows of white smoke, the diesel engine with water, combustible gas combustion exhaust white smoke or not. Exhaust pipe continuous discharge abnormal color, description of individual cylinder not working properly.

（3）感温法：在柴油机启动后的最初阶段（工作一段时间后排气管温度很高，用手触摸会烫伤）用手摸各缸排气管的温度，可鉴别各缸工作情况。如果各缸排气管的温度比其他缸高，说明该缸供油量偏高；若温度低，则该缸供油量少、或不喷油、或喷油后没完全燃烧或不燃烧。

(3): temperature sensing method in diesel engine starting after the initial phase ( after a period of time working with the exhaust pipe temperature is very high,