虚拟语气讲解[1]

虚拟语气

1.最基本最常用的虚拟出现在条件从句和结果主句中, 其具体使用格式如下:

条件从句与结果主句所表示的时间不一致

当这种情况发生时, 虚拟语气的形式应根据上表作适当调整, 采用与其时间相符的虚拟形式

例: 1. If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

2. If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ___ now. (99, 1)

A) wouldn't be smiling B) couldn't have smiled C) won't smile

D) didn't smile (选A)

were, had, should 等置于主语之前

虚拟语气中, 条件从句省略if 时, 可把谓语中的were, had, should 等置于主语之前. 注意: were, had, should 不能使用动词缩略否定形式, 如Hadn't it been….

例: 1. Had he been in your position, he'd probably have done the same.

2. ___ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A) Had they arrived B) Would they arrive C) Were they arriving D) Were they to arrive

(选D )

2.含蓄条件句

含蓄条件句指没有出现由if 引导的条件句, 而条件句的意思用其他方式表达. 用来代替if 条件句或引导含蓄条件句的单词和有without, otherwise, or, but for, but that, given, provided, were it not for 等.

例: 1. But for your help/ Without your help, we couldn't have succeeded in the experiment.

2. He must have had an accident, or he ____ then. (90, 1) ( 选A)

A) would have been here B) had to be here C) should be here D) would be here

该句中or (else) 实际上代替了一个假设条件句: If he hadn't had an accident

3.Five minutes earlier, ___ we could have caught the last train. (93, 6) (选A)

A) and B) but C) or D) so

句中Five minutes earlier可还原为: If we had arrived there five minutes earlier, 根据句义选A

4.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise, we ____ him. (95,6) (选A)

A) would have telephoned B) must have telephoned

C) would telephone D) had telephoned

句中otherwise 代替了条件句: if we had known his telephone number, 结合句义,空白处显然应选与过去事实相反的虚拟语气.

3.除if 以外的虚拟从句引导词

虚拟语气中条件从句除可用if引导外, 其他引导虚拟条件从句的词有: as if, as though, suppose, on condition that, in case, lest, for fear that 等

例: 1. Suppose you were given a chance to study in America, would you accept it?

2. He makes a note of the assignment, lest he ___ it. (选D)

A) will forget B) would forget C) forgets D) forget

lest与for fear that 均为"惟恐" 之意, 其后虚拟格式固定, 使用"should +V. 原形＂，其中should可省略．用法相同的还有in case．但若in case引导的从句中无should，则该从句不是虚拟语气，而是在陈述某一事实．

4.省略结果主句的虚拟条件从句

这种情况下, 虚拟条件句形式一般为: if only (假如…该多好)

例: 1. If only I had never married

2. If only he were here

3. If only the committee ___ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.

A) approve B) will approve C) can approve D) would approve (选D)

4. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ___ your advice.

A) follow B) had followed C) would follow D) have followed (选B)

由此可见, if only 结构中也可使用情态动词, 具体情况视句义而定:

a.该从句表示现在的愿望与事实或通常情况的实际情况相反时, 其谓语动词用过去时, 例: If only she were not terribly

frightened of Aunt Ruth.

b.表示对过去已发生事情的遗憾时, 动词用过去完成时, 例: If only he had arrived in time.

c.表示将来的某种愿望时, 谓语部分用" 情态动词的过去时+ 动词原形" 例: If only it would stop raining

5. 虚拟语气用于主语从句

It is (was) desired ( suggested, proposed, requested, recommended 等表示命令、建议、请求的动词过去分词) + that 从句例：It is recommended that the project ___ until all the preparations have been made.

A) is not started B) will not be started

C) not be started D) is not to be started （选C）

6. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句

虚拟语气用于宾语从句的情况有以下几种：

（1）虚拟在wish 宾语从句中的应用: