冠词和数词

冠词

一．不定冠词a/an

1.泛指一类人或物。

A horse is a useful animal.

An ocean is bigger than a sea.

2.表示某个人或物。

There is a dog lying on the ground.

There is a Mr. Bush to see you.

3.表示数量一。

There is a table and four chairs in my dining room.

4.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

three times a week; 60 kilometers an hour; 5 dollars a kilogram

5.用于固定短语。

a few/ little; in a word; take/ have a walk; have a cold; have a rest/ break; in a hurry

6. 用在文中第一次提到某人或某物。

This is a bike. The bike was bought yesterday.

二．定冠词the

1.谈话双方都知道的人或物。

Look at the dog, Mary.

Is there a bank near the school?

2.表示特指的人或物。

The man under that tree is my English teacher.

3.用于上文提到过的人或物之前。

Nancy has a cat. The cat is white and black.

4.用于表示方位的名词前。

in the east/ south…

5.用于世界上独一无二的事物前

The earth goes around the sun.

earth; moon; sun; sky; world; universe

6.用于表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名

词前。

the Yellow River; the Pacific Ocean; the United States; the Great Wall; the House of Lords

7.用于姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

The Browns are having dinner.

8.用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物。

the old/ young/ poor/ rich/ blind/ sick/ injured/ disabled

9.用于the+比较级，the+比较级以及the+比较级+of+两者的句型中。

The more he things of it, the sadder he will be.

Maria is the thinner of the two girls.

10.用于形容词最高级和序数词之前。

This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

The first thing is to pass the exam.

11.用于西洋乐器前。

12.用于固定短语中。

all the time; by the way; in the future; in the end

三．零冠词

1.复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。

2.某些专有名词前。

3.星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前。

4.三餐及球类运动前。

5.用于学科名词前。

6.用于职位和称呼前。

7.与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前。

8.用于某些习惯用语中。

by accident/ chance; on foot; in fact; at once; by mistake; at noon/ night/ midnight

9.有无冠词的区别

in the front of/ in front of

at table/ at the table

by sea/ by the sea

the teacher and writer/ the teacher and the writer

数词

一．基数词的用法

二．序数词

三．分数、百分数

带分数的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词的单复数与分数后的名词保持一致。

四．难点

1.hundred, thousand, million, billion等表示数量的词在表示具体的数字时，用单数。若后面

所跟的名词没有定冠词the修饰即不表示一定范围之内则直接加名词复数；若表示一定范围内的具体多少数目则要加of+特定范围。

two hundred students/ two hundred of the students

表示不确定数字时，这些词用复数+of+名词复数

2.or 连接两个并列的数词时，注意所修饰名词的单复数。

a day or two/ one or two days

one year and a half/ three and a half years

Learn to Smile

Smiling is an attitude（态度）to life. In our life, there may be something unpleasant. For example, you fail in an examination; or another time, you are misunderstood by your friends. These unpleasant things may make you feel bad. Then what will you do? Why not learn to smile? Smiling to yourself can bring back you confidence. Sometimes, the greatest enemy is yourself. that’s to say. Sometimes, you are beaten by yourself. We should also learn to smile to others. It will help us to get closer to others. So smiling is the most widely understood language.