现在分词做状语(讲课)

补 独立主格结构
在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须 与句子的主语一致, 如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑 上的主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构
_S_p_r_in_g__c_o_m_i_n_g_____, the trees turned green. 春天来了 _T_im__e_p_e_r_m_it_ti_n_g_, we’ll visit the Great Wall. 时间允许的话
表扬
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一、考点分布 2007—2012山东卷分析
知识点
冠 词
三·时间状语 相当于when,while,as等引导的时间状语从 句，常位于句首或句末
四·条件状语 相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常位于 句首
五·让步状语 相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首
六·方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并 列的两个谓语动词
意义：1.v-ing与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与句中
谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生
2.having+v-ed与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系， 先于谓语动词发生
句法功能
一·做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句
二·原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的原因状语 从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。
D. we heard the doorbell rings 4)Hesitating what to do,________.
A so let’s not go outing B the tour was cancelled
C but we should still take the tour
D we had to stay home
2 时态看分词
1.doing或者being done 几乎同时发生 2.Having done或者having been done 先于主句的谓语动词之前发生
注意
1）当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，应 使用完成式：having done
2）. 当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前时，被 动式应使用完成式：having been done
考生理解。
4.着重考查考生在特ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้情景中概念理解和结构分析能力
思维导图解读
现在分词的形式 （以go 和write为例）
种类
及物动词（write）
主动语 被动语态 态
不及物动词的 主动语态（go）
现 一般式 在 分 完成式 词
writing
having written
being written going Having been having gone written
2008
1 1 — 1 1 1 1 2 — 1 1 1 1 1 1 — —— — 1 1
2009
— 1 — 1 — — 1 2 — 1 1 — 1 1 1 1 —— 1 — 2
2010 2011 2012 合计
1 1 — 1 1 1 — 2 1 1 2 1 —1 1 ——1 — — 2 1 1 — 1 — — 1 1 — 2 1 — 1 2 1 — ——— — 2 1 1 — 1 1 — - - — 2 2 1 1 1 1 — ——— 1 2 5 6 — 7 4 2 4 9 1 8 9 3 5 6 7 1 — 1 1 2 10
由此看出：非谓语动词为高频考点；状语从句为热考点
考纲解读：
现在分词作状语是高考的热点和难点，选择题和写作 中应用较多，因此此考点必须重点掌握。
学习重点及难点
1.现在分词逻辑主语和句子主语的关系。 2.现在分词动作与谓语动作的同时性或先后性。 3.现在分词在写作中的运用（难点） 非谓语动词命题趋势
1.考查项目重点突出，无偏题，怪题 。 2.基本概念、基本形式、基本用法。 3.各题的题干简洁明了，语境真实自然，语言地道，便于
现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作时间状语
2. After they had finished their homework, they went home.
5.Although they felt very tired，they kept running.
*Feeling very tired, they kept running. 现在分词短语 作让步状语
6.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句)
Being ill, he couldn’t go to school.
*现在分词短语 作原因状语
4.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.
Working harder at English, you will make greater progress. *现在分词短语 作条件状语
3. ____ in the queue for half an hour, I suddenly realized that I had left my wallet at home.
A. To wait
B. Waiting
C. Having waited D. To have waited
窍门
A. permitting
B. to permit
C. permitted
D. permit
5 评论性状语
有些惯用的V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上的 主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分 来修饰全句，表面说话者的态度观点等。我们称 这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。
generally / strictly/ / frankly/ personally speaking 一般来说 / 严格来说/ 坦率地说/ 就个人而言 judging from/ by 由...判断 considering 考虑到 supposing 假如 talking / speaking of 提到…… providing 如果…… taking ……into consideration 考虑到 Seeing that…既然…
1.____Sunday , I shall have a quiet day at home .
A. Being
B. It is
C. There being D. It being
2.The party will be held in the garden,
weather_____（2012高考全国卷）
2）L_o_ok__in_g___ (look) at her mother, he jumped with
joy.
__L_o_o_k_e_d_(look) at by her mother, he jumped with
joy.
3)While watching television，_____. A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring
年份
名数 词词
代 词
形 容 词
副 词
动 词情 介短 态 词语 动 动词 词
时 态
非 谓 语 动 词
连 词 与 并 列 句
状 语 从 句
名 词 性 从 句
定 语 从 句
倒 装
强 调
省 略
主 谓 一 致
虚 拟 语 气
情 景 交 际
2007
1 1 — 2 1 — 1 2 — 1 2 — 1 — 2 — —— — — 1
被 动 being done
having been done
转化为分词作状语 1. When he found the door locked, he went home.
Finding the door locked,
2.___S_e_e_i_n_g(see) black clouds covering the sky, he stopped his work and went home.
A. Not receiving
B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
2._____that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized B. Realizing not
❖ 使用having done或having been done 的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示 过去或完成的时间状语，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times 等。
3 否定的表达
直接在分词前面加not
1._____ a reply, he decided to write again.
高三二轮专题复习 现在分词做状语
学案 讲评
目标导航
Ⅰ.Knowledge aims:知识目标 1. To revise the basic grammar rules of v-ing form as the Adverbial. 2. To grasp some important and difficult points Ⅱ.Ability aim:能力目标 ① To solve the problems in Multiple Choices and reading passage. ② To use it in speaking and writing. Ⅲ.Emotion aim:情感目标 ①To learn to co-operate in groups and improve your problems awareness and be active in class. ②To keep positive attitude to life.
C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized
4 逻辑主语
分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此 时应注意人称一致。
1）S_e_e_i_n_g(see)from the hill , we find the city very beautiful.
__S_e_e_n___（see）from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语
现 在 分 词
语 态
时 态
否 定
逻 辑 主 语
独 立 主 格
惯 用 语
从 句 转 化
1 语态看分词
doing
主动
语
having done
态
done
1.“What a beautiful garden it is!” said the girl, ______out of the window.
A.looking
B.having looked
C.to look
D.looked
2._____a long way, Bob began to feel tired A. Walking B. Having walked C. To walk D. walked
Having finished their homework, they went home.
*现在分词短语作时间状语 *Having finished their homework表现的动
作在went home之( 前 ),故用分词的完( 成式).
3.Because he was ill, he couldn’t go to school.