2020届新高考英语二轮教师用书:第五讲 情态动词和虚拟语气

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第五讲 情态动词和虚拟语气

语法项目(一)情态动词

[考纲解读·定方向]

情态动词在语法填空中鲜有考查,但在写作中经常用到,对于有些考生来说情态动词是掌握的难点,在写作中经常犯低级错误而造成不应有的失分,因此在二轮备考中应加强对这一部分的学习。

情态动词的基本含义要知晓

[实例体验]

1.(2018·天津卷)I can't find my purse.I might/could have left it in the supermarket yesterday,but I'm not sure.

2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not let me.

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)You needn't have taken a taxi;it's only five­minute walk to the park.

[重点强化]

1.情态动词不能单独作谓语,必须和后面的实义动词或be动词一起构成谓语。写作时,考生常由于低级失误而在情态动词后接动词的过去式、过去分词或现在分词;或者由于受汉语的影响而漏掉情态动词后面的be动词。

2.“情态动词+have done”的用法

(1)must have done“一定做过了某事”,表示对过去事情有把握的推测。

(2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”,can't/couldn't have done“(过去)不可能做过某事”。

(3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事”。

(4)should/ought to have done“本该做某事而没做”。

(5)needn't have done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。

I needn't have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me.在来新校之前我没必要担心,因为这里的同学对我非常友好。

语法项目(二)虚拟语气

[考纲解读·定方向]

虚拟语气在语法填空中鲜有考查,但在写作中属于高级句式。为了避免因不熟悉这部分语法知识而造成不应有的失分,因此在二轮备考中,考生应加强对这一部分的学习。

牢记应用规则是关键(虚拟

语气在条件状语从句中的应用)

[实例体验]

1.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ________ (drive) a few more kilometers.

解析:had driven [句意:如果他们再多行驶几千米,他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知本句为与过去事实相反的虚拟,因此if引导的从句中谓语动词形式应为had done,故填had driven。] 2.(2018·天津卷)If we ________ (catch) the flight yesterday,we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.

解析:had caught [句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班,我们现在就会正在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。本题考查虚拟语气。If 从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语动词需用“had+过去分词”形式。]

3.(2017·北京卷)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use,the accident would never have happened.

解析:had been put [句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行虚拟,因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done。再结合语境,可知用被动语态。]

4.(2017·江苏卷)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.

解析:Were [句意:没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。本题考查虚

拟语气。根据题干中的the student could not overcome可知,语境是对现在事实的虚拟,be动词在虚拟语气中通常用were。当虚拟语气中if引导的条件状语从句省略了if时,从句部分应部分倒装。]

5.(2016·天津卷)I was wearing a seat belt.If I hadn't been wearing one,I would ________ (injure).

解析:have been injured [句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的话,我可能就受伤了。根据句意可知设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为

would+have done。主语I与injure为被动关系,故需用被动语态,故答案为have been injured。]

6.(2017·天津卷)—Do you have Betty's phone number?

—Yes.Otherwise,I ________ (be) able to reach her yesterday.

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