外科专业英语

酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱

acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia 酸血症acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒alkalemia 碱血症simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡

mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡

buffer system 缓冲对系统anion gap 阴离子间隙delta gap 阳离子间隙respiratory acidosis 呼酸respiratory alkalosis 呼碱metabolic acidosis 代酸metabolic alkalosis 代碱hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypoxemia 低氧血症hyperoxemia 高氧血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏magnesium excess 镁过多hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症hypercapnia 高碳酸血症posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒

diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia 尿毒症

lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒

saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒

saline-resistant alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒

isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水edema 水肿

water intoxication 水中毒

休克

shock 休克hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克septic shock脓毒性休克shock lung 休克肺shock kidney 休克肾

软组织感染

furuncle 疖paronychia 甲沟炎erysipelas 丹毒acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈abscess 脓肿acute ulcer急性溃疡chronic ulcer 慢性溃疡fistula cannulas瘘管sinus tract 窦道felon 脓性指头炎外科营养

肠外营养parenteral nutrition 或intravenous nutrition

肠内营养enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症metabolic complications 胆汁淤积cholestasis 基础能量消耗basal energy expenditure BEE 误吸aspiration 腹泻diarrhea

外科手术

手术刀scalpel 刀片blade

刀柄hilt 手术剪surgical scissors

止血钳hemostatic forceps 直血管钳straight clamp

弯血管钳Kelly clamp 蚊式止血钳mosquito forceps 有齿止血钳kocher forceps 手术镊forceps

组织钳tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器needle holder

缝合针suture needle 拉钩retractor

巾钳towel clip 环钳ring forceps

不可吸收缝线nonabsorbable suture 丝线silk suture

切开incision 剥离dissection

止血hemostasis 结扎ligation

缝合suture 剪线cutting suture

拆线removing suture 引流drainage

骨科

arthro-关节articulo-关节cranio-颅

osteo-骨burso-囊chondro-软骨

costo-肋骨myelo-骨髓spondylo-椎骨

thoraco-胸的vertebra-椎骨fascio-筋膜

teno/tendo/tendino-肌-kinesia 运-porosis 多孔

-trophy 发育-malacia 软化

1、中轴骨AXIAL BONES

bone n.骨rib n.肋vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sternum n.胸骨

sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨

sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突

atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎

sternal angle 胸骨角thoracic cage 胸廓

2、颅SKULL

skull n. parietal bone 顶骨frontal bone 额骨occipital bone 枕骨emporal bone 颞骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 筛骨mandible n.下颌骨hyoid bone 舌骨vomer n.犁骨maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨zygomatic bone 颧骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲orbit n.眶

coronal suture冠状缝sagital suture 矢状缝lambdoid suture 人字缝cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、附肢骨TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES

clavicle n.锁骨scapula n.肩胛humerus n.肱骨radius n.桡骨ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨

hip bone 髋骨ilium n.髂骨ischium n.坐骨pubis n.耻骨femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨tibia n.胫骨fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗骨metatarsal bone 跖骨

4、关节韧带