定语从句-江苏省启东中学高三英语复习讲义

定语从句

一、考点梳理：

考点1：先行词为物时，一般只用that引导从句的情况：

(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very, just the

等修饰时；

(2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；

(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时；

(4) 先行词既有人又有物时；

(5)主句中有疑问词which 时，为避免重复；

Which of the pictures that are hanging on the wall is drawn by your brother?

(6)在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that;

My hometown is not the one that she used to be.

考点2：先行词为物时，一般只用which引导从句的情况：

(1) 引导非限制性定语从句（which指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句）；

(2) 介词后接which (注：先行词为人的话用whom)；

(3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which（如着眼于各个成员，用who）；

Behind the coach walk the football team, who were all wearing uniforms

注：（非限制性定语从句里）先行词为表示职业的名词时用which而不是who;

Jack’s father was a pilot before he was retired, which Jack always wants to be.

(4) 先行词后有插入语时，用which而不用that;在分隔式定语从句中也用which;

This is the discovery which I think is of great importance in history.

The days are gone which I spent together with my cousins .

考点3：先行词为人时，只用who/whom的情况：

(1)当先行词为one, he, those, anyone及people并且前面那些代词指人时;

Those who break the law will be punished .

Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

(2) 表示人的先行词后有插入语时及在分隔式定语从句中先行词为人的话用who/whom而不用

that ;

This is the boy who everybody knows has won the first place in the competition.

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will te ach you maths.

考点4：先行词为人时，只用that的情况：

(1)主句中有疑问词who 时，为避免重复;

Who is the man that is talking to Mr. Smith at the gate?

(2) 在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that;

She isn’t the little girl that she was 20 years ago.

考点5：由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：

(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，可置于句首或句中。有“正如”之意（as is

mentioned/ shown/ known, as is the case, as follows等），而which则没有此意,并且which只能用于逗号后面；

（2）as表示“正如”，所以当从句中表示否定时或有否定前缀时，用which而不用as: He is late again, which was not expected.

(3）the same…..that…（同一物）与the same…..as…（相似物）区别(但注意分析成分)

I want to buy the same computer ____ you are using, for it’s so lovely.

This is the same pen ______ I lost. Look ,there is my name on it.

He returned to the same place _____ he had witnessed the accident.

(4) so / such….as…与so/ such….that区别：前者为定语从句，as作关系代词在定语从句中充当主

语、宾语或表语，后者为结果状语从句，从句中主、宾或表完整；

考点6：当way作先行词时，在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略引导定语从句；

当reason作先行词时，在从句中作状语时，用why/for which;

句型：The reason why / for which…..is that……….

考点7：当先行词situation, case, point(地步), job, condition，scene , activity, system, address, strategy(策略), scene(场景，场面)，platform, project 等在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定从。occasion, phase(阶段，时期)，interval, break(短暂休息)，period , time, age, stay(逗留)在从句中作状语时用when;

I still remember the scene where people were eaten by the tigers.

考点8：介词from后可接where表示“从某个地方”, since 后可跟when”自从…时候起”

He is standing on top of the building ,from where he can get a better view of the city.

考点9：定语从句中谓语动词为不及物动词如：lie / stay/ live / sit / stand等时，那么这些词前面应用