英汉翻译讲义-第九章-英语三大从句的汉译

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• Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.” • 几乎人人都知道这个故事:“杰克盖了房, 房里堆了粮,耗子把粮食吃光,猫把耗子 抓伤,狗又把猫逼上房。”
• The boy fell down from the ladder before he knew it. • 那个男孩不知怎么就从梯子上摔了下 来。 • They had not been married a month before they quarreled. • 结婚未满月,夫妻已反目。 • 从肯定的角度译不通时,便从否定的角度 来译。
(二)译为状语从句
• To translate English adjective clauses into separate clauses or sentences, or subordinate clauses which function as adverbials denoting reason, result, purpose, condition, concession, etc. • John, who was sick yesterday, did not come to class. • 约翰昨天病了,(所以)没来上课。
(一)译成前置定语
• I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people. • 我要充分利用我剩下的岁月 剩下的岁月,尽量为人民 剩下的岁月 多做些事情。 • The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. • 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要命。
• We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country. • 我们认为,如果不体谅一个国家大多数人民的正 当愿望,任何和平局面都是不会持久的。 • Through great efforts we have finished the task under conditions, which are very unfavorable to us. • 尽管种种条件对我们都很不利,但通过巨大努力, 我们还是完成了任务。
• • • •
He must be ill, for he is absent. 他肯定是病了,因为他没有来。 他没来,肯定(是)病了。 When we were about to get away a police car came to the front door. • 当我们正要离开的时候,一辆警车来到了 前门。 • 我们正准备离开,一辆警车来到前门。
状语从句的翻译
• 英语的状语从句译成汉语时,其在汉语译文中的 位置可以灵活处理,既可放在主句前,也可放在 主句后,有时还可以插在句子中间,它的位置没 有定势,主要是看能不能使译文读起来比较流畅。 • 状语从句的翻译的最大原则是忽略形合标记,如: • I won’t go when it rains. • 下雨我就不去。 • Everybody loves him because he is a good comrade. • (因为)他是个好同志,(所以)大家都喜欢他。
• Born in 1879 Ulm, Germany, Albert Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich, where his father opened a business in electrical supplies. • 阿尔伯特 爱因斯坦于1879年诞生于德国的 乌尔姆市。在他两岁的时候,父母移居慕 尼黑。他的父亲在那里开了一家工厂,生 产电气器材。
• Most comets are so dim that they cannot be seen by the naked eye. • 大多数彗星是如此之暗,以至于不能为肉 眼所见。 • 大多数彗星都很暗,肉眼是看不见的。 • He is mad to such an extent that he beat his father. • 他竟然疯得(如此程度)(以至于)打起 他父亲来了。
由before引起的状语从句
• before在英文中词义单一,只表示“在…之 前”,但是由于汉英表达习惯的不同,译 成汉语时可以多种方式灵活处理。 • It seemed a long time before my turn came. • Be a pupil before you become a teacher. • Study hard before it is too late.
名词性从句的翻译
• She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. • 她从不满足于她所取得的成就。 • That’s where we differ. • 这就是我们的分歧所在。 • He has made what I am. • 我之有今日都是他给的。
由because引起的状语从句
• I didn’t go because I was afraid. • (1) I didn’t go, and the reason was fear. 我没 去,因为我害怕。 • (2) I went, but the reason was not fear. 我不 是因为害怕才去的。 • 若主句是否定的,有时容易产生歧义现象,到底 译为哪一个意思或者只译一种意思,要根据上下 文及其内含的逻辑关系而定。 • The mountain is not valued because it is high. • 山因为高而无价值。 • 山的价值并不因为它高。
• The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) aims to achieve a situation where foreign investors are not discriminated against, but they are still subject to the same substantive laws and regulations that apply to domestic investors. • 多边投资协定的目标是要达到这样一种境界---外 国投资者不受歧视,但他们仍和国内投资者一样 要接受同样的基本法规的管制。 • 多边投资协定旨在为外来投资者创造同等投资环 境,即外来投资者不受歧视,但他们仍和本土投 资者一样,必须遵守同样的基本法规。
Hale Waihona Puke • He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. • Their only concern is to produce an antiChina lie which might, at least for a time, sidetrack attention from their mischiefmaking activities. • 他们唯一关心的是制造反华谰言,以便至 少暂时转移人们对他们的挑拨离间活动的 注意。
英语三大从句的汉译
三大从句
• (1)副词性从句或称状语从句。 • 状语从句又分为时间状语从句,地点状语 从句,原因状语从句,目的状语从句,结 果状语从句,条件状语从句,让步状语从 句,比较状语从句,方式状语从句。 • (2)名词性从句,常用来作主语、宾语、 表语、介词宾语或同位语。 • (3)形容词性从句或称定语从句。
• 方法一:增加具体指谓(顺序翻译) 方法一:增加具体指谓(顺序翻译)
• 方法二:拆译法 • It's a pity that you missed the classes. • 你没能来上课,真是遗憾。
形容词性从句(定语)
• 形容词性从句在英语中非常活跃,而且在 许多情况下它的语法功能不仅仅是修饰它 前面的名词,而且还表达原因、转折、结 果等含义,所以翻译时往往要变通处理。 首先在位置上,可以放在作为其先行词的 名次之前的,则放在前面,如放在名词之 前造成语流不畅的则应放在后边或独立成 句。其次是把它所包含的意思(如原因、 转折)传达出来。
• We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside. • 我们刚坐下就听到外面有自行车的声 音。 • We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain. • 我们刚离开学校就下雨了。 • 主句是否定,则全句译为“刚…就…”, 强调主、从句中动作一前一后或几乎同时 发生。
• On behalf of all of your American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. • 我谨代表你们的所有美国客人向你们表示感 谢,感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。中国 人民以这种盛情款待而闻名于世。 • 中国人民一直以热情好客闻名于世。在此, 我谨代表所有美国到访人员向你们表示感谢, 感谢你们的无可比拟的盛情款待。
• As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship. • 正如沙漠像海,因此骆驼就像一只船。 • 如果说沙漠像大海,那么骆驼就像航行在 大海上的一只船。 • 沙漠似海,骆驼似舟。
特殊状语从句的译法
• 由that引导的某些状语从句: • The veins are different from the arteries in that the former bring blood back to the heart. • 静脉与动脉的区别在于前者将血液导回心 脏。 • It is not that I am unwilling to go with you, but that I’m busy now. • 不是因为我不愿意跟你一起去,而是因为 我现在很忙。
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