情态动词+完成时

情态动词+完成时

(modal verbs + have + past participle )

情态动词和动词原型连用，表示对目前或将来情况的看法或态度

情态动词和完成时连用时，表示对过去情况的看法或态度。

1. should+have+过去分词表示过去本应该…”实际上是说话人在表达责备，抱怨或遗憾的意思。

We should have cut away the jun gle bush.

我们本应该把丛林的灌木砍掉。

How I regretted the days whe n I had played and should have studied.

我多么懊悔我把本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。

shouldn ' t+have过去分词表示过去本不应该…’而实际上做了的动作。

You shouldn ' t have told anyone about it.

你本来不应该告诉任何人。

They shouldn ' t have left so soon.

他们本来不应该去得那么早。

2. ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去本应该…”相当于“should + have +过去分词”

You ought to have helped him.

你本应该帮他一把。

You ought to have retur ned these books to the school library last week. 上周你就应该把这些书还给学校图书室。

否定形式oughtn ' t to + have +过去分词=shouldn ' t + have +过去分词

eg. You oughtn ' t to have taken his umbrella away.

你不该把他的伞拿走。

He ough tn ' t to have been there.

他本不应该到那去。

3. must + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，译成当时一定；想必已经；当时可能”

What a challe nge I must have bee n to this young teacher. 对这位年轻教师来说，教我这样的学生当时一定是个巨大的挑战。

Since the ditch is full of water, it must have rained last ni ght.

因为沟里涨满了水，昨晚一定下过雨了。

表示对过去情况的否定推测时。要用“can'(couldn ' t+ have +过去分词” 一般不用

“ mustn' t + have +过去分词”

Joe can ' t have left. I saw him just now.

乔不可能离开了，刚才我还看见他了。

The party couldn ' t have been successful as you had hoped. 舞会不可能象你希望的那样成功。

“ must + have +过去分词"表示对过去情况推测时，反意疑问句用have (has),有明确表示过去时间的状语(before除外)反意疑问句用did.

He must have finished his homework, hasn ' t he?

他准把作业做完了。对吗？

He must have attended the meeting yesterday evening, didn ' t he?

他昨晚上肯定参加会议了，是吗？

4. may (might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测，可用于肯定句，否定句，但不用于疑问句

In return I may have been able to teach you a little about medical technique. 作为报答，我也许教给了你们一点点医疗技术。

Might he have been caught and killed? 他有可能被抓住杀掉了吗？

might + have + 过去分词也能表示对过去的事情的可能性的推测，有本应该…”含有

婉转责备的意思。

You might have listened to me while I was talking to you. 我对你讲话时，你应该认真听才对。

You might have let me know before you went out. 外出之前，你本应该先告诉我一声。

5. can (could) + have + 过去分词表示对过去情况的推测。“can + have + 过去分词”一般多用于疑

问句和否定句，不用于肯定句。

Can he have gone yesterday?

难道他昨天就已经走了吗？

They can ' t have lost themselves in the woods, because I drew a map to them. 他们不可能在森林中迷路，因为我给他们画了一张画。

Bill couldn 'htave gone home this weekend. I saw him at the school ground this morning.

本周末贝尔不可能回家，今天下午我还在学校操场上看见他了。

Mary can 't have gone to school. It ' s Sunday.

玛丽不可能去上学，今天是星期天。

在表示对过去某事的推测时，可用could/ might / may + 完成时。

They could/might/may have heard the news from smith. 他们也许从史蜜斯那儿听到了这个消息。

6. need + have + 过去分词表示过去“没有必要做”，但实际做了。有责备的意思。否定形式表示

“做了本不应该做”的事

You needn ' t have woken me up so early. It ' s Sunday today.

你没有必要这么早就叫醒我， (因为)今天是星期天。

You needn't have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain. 你本来不必浇这些花，因为天就要下雨了。

You needn' t have told him the news; he knew it already. 你不必再告诉他这个消息，他已经知道了。

You needn't have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去；你本来可以乘电梯。

didn't need to do ( =I didn't have to )的“本沒有必要做也沒有做”

I didn't need to go to the bank. I borrowed some money from Mary. 我不必去银行-- 我找玛丽借了

点儿钱.

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