2018届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第二讲词义猜测题

第二讲词义猜测题

题型1 猜测单词类

[示例] (2016·全国卷Ⅱ，B)Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.

Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative.”

27．What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Mistake. B．Drawback.

C．Difficulty. D．Burden.

[解题思路]

第一步阅读文章，在画线词前后找出相关信息词

①Encouraging__this__kind__of__thinking__has__a__downside.

②

I__ran__the__risk__of__losing__those__students__who__had__a__different__style__of__thi nking.

第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项

尝试解答____B____

[答题技巧]

1．识别题干关键

(1)The underlined word...probably means____________．

(2)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word...?

2．“文中信息”巧利用

(1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。

(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。

(3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。

(4)语境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。

(5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀、合成及词性转换猜测词义。

题型2 猜测短语类

[示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，D)To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the__water__catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up—and out—the side of the hole.

Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45­degree­angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.

33．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still.

C．The hole. D．The cup.

[解题思路]

第一步速读文章，在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。

To__const ruct__a__working__still,__use__a__sharp__stick__or__rock__to__dig__a__hole__f our__feet__across__and__three__feet__deep.

第二步对比信息词与选项，找出符合题干要求的选项

尝试解答____B____

[答题技巧]

1．识别题干关键

(1)The underlined phrase...could be replaced by____________．

(2)What does the underlined phrase...refer to?

2．“语境分析”猜短语

短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的题型，即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思，然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于问题的解决。

3．明晰干扰选项特征

短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况：

(1)短语的字面意思；

(2)文中出现的与猜测无关的内容；

(3)命题人凭空杜撰的内容。