发动机状态监控介绍和要求

On-Condition
“This is a preventative primary maintenance process. It requires that an appliance or part be periodically inspected or checked against some appropriate physical standard to determine whether it can continue in service. The purpose of the standard is to remove the unit from service before failure during normal operation occurs.”
Hard Time
“This is a preventative primary maintenance process. It requires that an appliance or part be periodically overhauled in accordance with the carrier’s maintenance manual or that it be removed from service.”
Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM)
-- a tool used with other maintenance concepts that allow engines to be maintained under "Condition-Based Maintenance" philosophy • Most regulatory agencies require operators to maintain an ECM system • Usually needed for approval of "Condition-Based Maintenance"
What is required? / How does it fit within engine maintenance?
• To be discussed in this first section, along with basic responsibilities
Who is required to conduct engine monitoring?
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Engine Condition Monitoring
What should be monitored?
• Overall engine performance and mechanical parameters
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Responsibility for Airworthiness
Regulatory agencies assign responsibility to certificate holder Example from U.S. FAA regulations: Part 121 - Operating Requirements CFR 121.363 Responsibility for Airworthiness
Gas Turbine Engines may be subject to control by all three of these Gas Turbine Engines may be subject to control by all three of these primary processes. These processes work hand-in-hand with one primary processes. These processes work hand-in-hand with one another, and they carry equal weight in a maintenance program. another, and they carry equal weight in a maintenance program.
• Assess engine performance and health • Provide early detection of potential problems
( abnormal trends >> inspections >> identification of root cause )
• Some confusion when “Diagnostics” monitoring introduced, but … • Operators are responsible for monitoring the health of their engines • GE/CFMI provides tools used by operators to comply with their obligations
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INTRODUCTION and REQUIREMENTS
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Condition Based Maintenance and Monitoring
• Required on a routine and continuing basis • Evaluate both engine performance and hardware condition • Needs to be integral part of engine maintenance and operation
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Engine Monitoring – Requirements and Benefits
Engine “health” must be monitored
(“On-Condition Maintenance”)
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b) A certificate holder may make arrangements with another person for the performance of any maintenance, preventative maintenance, or alterations. However, this does not relieve the certificate holder of the responsibility in paragraph (a) of this section.
GE Aviation
Engine Condition Monitoring
Introduction
and
Requirements
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DIAGNOSTICS TRAINING MANUAL
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This manual has been developed to provide a basic understanding of trend monitoring principles and to provide the analyst with the basic knowledge to recognize and act upon trend shifts.
• Monitor longer-term performance trends for maintenance planning
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GE PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION and REQUIREMENTS
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GE PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION and REQUIREMENTS
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Primary Maintenance Processes as Defined by FAA
a) Each certificate holder is primarily responsible for:
1) The airworthiness of aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines … and; 2) The performance of the maintenance, preventative maintenance, and alteration of its aircraft, including airframes, aircraft engines, … in accordance with its manual and the regulations of this chapter.
Condition Monitoring (CM)
“This is a maintenance process for items that have neither “hard-time” nor “On-Condition” maintenance as their primary maintenance process. CM is accomplished by appropriate means available to an operator for finding and solving problem areas….”
Certification of GE / CFMI engines call for Condition Based Maintenance
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• Determination of continued airworthiness made by visual inspection, measurement, tests, or other means -- without disassembly • Engine is serviceable as long as it meets field limits (optimum utilization of parts)
— both continuing and periodic on-wing inspections / functional checks — engine performance trend monitoring
Monitoring Is an Important Aspect of an Effective Maintenance Program
Proactive Management of Engine Maintenance
• Based on a combination of actual engine health and part-life limitations • Requires monitoring of engine condition, including