初中定语从句知识点详解

初中定语从句知识点详解

定语从句考点：①各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及其在从句中做什么成分

②只用that的情况

③只用which的情况

知识点总结：

一、各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及具体用法：

(一)、1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，若前面有介词，则不可省略，也不能用that，例如：

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.

3. whose 指人，也可指物（拟人化的物），意思是“谁的”，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

I know the boy whose father is a professor.

I live in a house whose windows face the south.

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

8. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语：

I don’t know the reason why he looks sad today.

（二）关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别

关键点：1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，记住，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。

2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。

如：the reason why he refused the invitation is clear.=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.

Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.=Treat changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.

The time when we got tegether finally came.=The time in which we got together finally came.

样板题一：

1、He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

解题思路：此题中，从句是he arrived，它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，the day 指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。

练习题：

1、The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. why

2、Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

A. that

B. which

C. why

D. when

3. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there

B. when

C. where

D. which

4. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. on which

5. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

6. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which

B. that

C. whose

D. where

7. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. where

8. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. where

样板题二：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

解题思路：所谓定语从句，就是把两句话压缩成一句话，而且，这两句话肯定辉提到同一个东西，因此，首先要找两句话都提到了的东西，此题中，两句话都提到了同一个东西——一个人（the boy ,he）这就是共同点，人我们是用who或whom表示，两句话都是做主语，因此，只能用在从句中作主语的who,不能在从句中做宾语的whom，因此，答案是：The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.

练习题：

1. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

2. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

3. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

4. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.

样板题三：用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句

This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

解题思路：还是找两句话都提到了的那个共同点，是the hall（it）,在第二句话中in it 是做定点状语，因此可以用where代替，因此，答案是：This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.=This is the hall in which we listened to the report the other day.

练习题：

1、Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

2、I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

3、I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

4、I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空