《安全工程专业英语》教学课件 unit4

Research and development work in the United Kingdom, America and Australia
The heat stress to which submarine and tank crews were subjected was studied during the Second World War. Work and physiological demands were also considered. Efficient armaments production in World War 1, when large numbers of extra women became part of the workforce, demanded attention to methods of designing production. Working hours and overtime in relation to production, and relationship of temperature to accidents, were studied. The interpretation of radar and sonar signals by the operators involved new ergonomic considerations, because the senses were extended.
What is ergonomics?
Ergonomics aims to design the task for the person, not the other way round. The ancient Greek story of Procrustes illustrates the point. Procrustes used to cut a visitor to fit the bed he provided, not adjust the bed. In ergonomics the layout, management system, methods, equipment and environment are all considered in relation to the inherent capabilities and limitations of human beings.
Ergonomics
The investigationBaidu Nhomakorabeaalso found that there were no rest areas and no guidance for employees. The recommendations included stricter supervisory control, a warning buzzer on the quay crane, warning signs, and an area where a worker could rest in comfort and safety. This is of particular importance for workers involved in manual labour carried out in a hot and/or humid environment.
Research and development work in the United Kingdom, America and Australia
Some early work on ergonomics was done by a Polish researcher, Jastrzebowski, in the nineteenth century. But even prior to this some of the principles were recognized by Bernardino Ramazzini when he wrote his book On the Diseases of Occupations in 1700. The term ‘ergonomics’ was coined by Jastrzebowski in 1857. It was reintroduced in the UK in 1950, but the study of the person within the system in the United States, known as human factors, which has a variation of emphasis, goes back well beyond that.
What is ergonomics?
Ergonomics comes from the Greek words ‘ergon’ (work) and ‘nemein’(to arrange or manage). Today we understand it to mean a study of the fit between a person and the elements of the task they are required to perform. This is not confined to the workplace – it could, for example, apply to any car driver. In the United States this study has, until recently, been described as ‘human factors engineering’.
Unite Four
Ergonomics
Some men were at work shifting sea containers in Malaysia. After fitting the twist lock to a container before it was lifted one of the men disappeared from view. The crane on the quay moved, the man was dragged over six metres and died at the scene. A subsequent investigation reported that there was a high probability that he had been resting against the wheel of the crane.