现在完成时讲解及练习(已用)

一.基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）

二.句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+ 过去分词+其他.

一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.

三.用法

（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

I have spent all of my money.（含义是:现在我没有钱花了.）

They have come here.（含义：他们现在在这儿）

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for

和si nee连用

①for+时段

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从...... 以来）

③sin ce+ 时段+ago

④sin ce+从句（过去时）

⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for 3 days, （since 3 days ago）

I have been in the university since 2002.

四.has gone （to）,has been （to）, has been （in）的区另U

Have/Has gone（to）:去了（现在不在说话现场）

Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been （to）:去过（已不在去过的地方）

My father has bee n to Shan ghai.

Have/has been in :呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）

My father has bee n in Shan ghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.

五.现在完成时的标志

现在完成时的含义是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：★以already, just 和yet 为标志

He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。

He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。

★ 以ever禾口never为标志

This is the best film I have ever see n. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

He has never been to Beiji ng. 他从没有到过北京。

★以动作发生的次数为标志

He says he has bee n to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。

★以so far （到目前为止）为标志

He has fini shed all of his work so far. 到目前为止他完成了所有的工作

注意：1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last week, three years ago

2）不能与when连用

六. 过去分词

1、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 (1) 、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2) 、以“ e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

⑶、以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词: •

AAA 型

burst hurt let cast cut hit put set shut spread read 原形发音为/ri:d/过去式，过去分词 发音为/red/ •

AAB 型

beat beat beaten •

ABA 型

become became become run ran run

七. 瞬间动词变延续性动词

★ 1.have 代替 buy

My brother has had this bike for almost four years. ★ 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow

I have kept the book for quite a few days. ★ 3、用 be 替代 become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

★ 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold

★ 5、用 wear 代替 put on

come came come • ABB 型

build built built

catch caught caught feel felt felt • ABC 型

begi n bega n begu n break broke broken choose chose chosen

(buy,die,join,come , go ,leavejoin buy----have borrow ——keep come/arrive/reach/get to ——be in go out----be out leave ----be

away

不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词 begin ——be on finish----be

over ope n----be ope n close ——be closed

die----be dead

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.