【知识点总结】初中英语定语从句知识点总结

定语从句 (attributive clause)

定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句

1。限制性定语从句，不可缺少，否则会影响全句的主要思想，这种定语从句前面一般不用逗号The man who spoke last was Mr. White最后发言的是布朗先生。What was it that he wanted?他要的是什么？

2。非限制性定语从句，如果缺少了，也不会影响全句的主要思想，前面一般皆有逗号。Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.

先行词的作用

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。

关系词有两个作用：一、引导定语从句

二、代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。

修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分

一、使用that的情况：

1、当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

2、当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。

I have some books that are very good.

3、当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

This is the first book that I bought myself.

The biggest bird that I caught is this bird

4、当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。

This is the very book that I lost yesterday.

5、当先行词又有人又有物时。

I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

二、只能使用which的情况。

1、非限制性定语从句中。Mary has a book, which is very precious.

2、在介词之后。This is a house in which lives an old man.

3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分：

1.当主句中的主语是who时，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing over there?

2.在非限制性定语从句中以及介词后面时只能用who或者whom。

I have a son, who is really lovely and interesting.

There are 40 students in the class, most of whom are boys.

3.关系代词whose既能修饰人，也能修饰物，在定语从句中充当定语，修饰先行词。

She is the girl whose English sounds very beautiful.

Mary has a very good dog, whose hair is white and black.

关系代词as的用法及其与which的区别。

1.关系代词as在定语从句中指代整件事，充当句中的主语或者宾语，它经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。

As we all know, he is a famous scientist. He is a diligent boy, as is expected.

She has the same book as you have.

2.关系代词as可以放在句子的开头，可以使用被动语态，而关系代词which则不可以。请比较：As everyone knows, it is necessary to build a hospital in this small town. It is necessary to build a hospital in this small town, which is clear to us.

Our department will hold the meeting, as is known by us.

关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。

关系副词在定语从句当中只能充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。

I won’t forget the time when I got married.

Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?

This is the place where we had a good time. Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?

I don’t know the reason why he won’t join us.

Do you know the reason why he didn’t come to sweep the classroom?

关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。

同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which。这主要看两点：一是定语从句是否完整；二是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。请比较以下句子：

1.This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.

2.She won’t forget the days that she spent on the island.

She won’t forget the days when they stayed together.

3.That’s the date when we went to the college.

That’s the date that she won’t forget for ever.