Average True Range 真实波动幅度均值

Average True Range 真实波动幅度均值
Average True Range 真实波动幅度均值1998／10／20 药渣译Average True Range is an indespensable tool for designers of good trading systems. It is truly a workhorse among technical indicators. Every systems trader should be familiar with ATR and its many useful functions. It has numerous applications including use in setups, entries, stops and profit taking. It is even a valuable aid in money management. 真实波动幅度均值（ATR）是优秀的交易系统设计者的一个不可缺少的工具，它称得上是技术指标中的一匹真正的劲马。

每一位系统交易者都应当熟悉ATR及其具有的许多有用功能。

其众多应用包括：参数设置，入市，止损，获利等，甚至是资金管理中的一个非常有价值的辅助工具。

译者注：setups在上篇文章中我也碰到，我把它翻译为参数设置，不知道对不对。

The following is a brief explanation of how ATR is calculated and a few simple examples of the many ways that ATR can be used to design profitable trading systems. ATR是如何计算的？下面我们会简单解释的；如何利用ART设计交易系统？我们随后也会用几个简单例子说明众多方法中的一些。

How to calculate Average True Range (ATR). 如何计
算真实波动幅度均值（ATR）Range: This is simply the difference between the high point and the low point of any bar.
True Range: This is the GREATEST of the following:
1. The distance from today\'s high to today\'s low
2. The distance from yesterday\'s close to today\'s high, or
3. The distance from yesterday\'s close to today\'s low True range is different from range whenever there is a gap in prices from one bar to the next.
Average True Range is simply the true range averaged over a number of bars of data. 波动幅度：单根K线图最高点和最低点间的距离。

（译者将原文用的是条形图改为我们熟悉的K线图）真实波动幅度：是以下三个波动幅度的最大值1. 当天最高点和最低点间的距离
2. 前一天收盘价和当天最高价间的距离，或
3. 前天收盘价和当天最低价间的距离当日K线图出现缺口时，真实波动幅度和单根K线的波动幅度是不同的。

真实波动幅度均值就是真实波动幅度的平均值To make ATR adaptive to recent changes in volatility, use a short average (2 to 10 bars). To make the ATR reflective of \"normal\" volatility use 20 to 50 bars or more. 为了让ATR 反映近期波动性，可以使用短期ATR（2－10根K线图）；
为了让ATR反映“长期”波动性，可以使用20至50根K线或更多。

Characteristics and benefits of ATR. ATR的特征及其益处ATR is a truly adaptive and universal measure of market price movement.
Here is an example that might help illustrate the importance of these characteristics: ATR是一个评价市场价格运动的通用指标，而且是一个真正的自适应指标。

下面这个例子能帮助解释这些特征的重要性If we were to measure the average price movement of Corn over a two day period and express this in dollars it might be a figure of about $500.00. If we were to measure the average price movement of a Yen contract it would probably be about $2,000 or more. If we were building a system where we wanted to use the set appropriate stop losses in Corn and Yen we would be looking at two very different stop levels because of the difference in the volatility (in dollars). We might want to use a $750 stop loss in Corn and a $3,000 stop loss in Yen. If we were building one system that would be applied identically to both of these markets it would be very difficult to have one stop expressed in dollars that would be applicable to both markets. The $750 Corn stop would be too close when trading Yen and the $3,000 Yen
stop would be too far away when trading Corn. 如果我们计算一下玉米在两天内的平均价格波动幅度，比如说是500美元；日元合约的平均价格波动幅度可能是2,000美元或更多。

如果我们要建立一个交易系统分别为玉米或日元设置合适
的止损水平，那么我们会看到这两者的止损水平是不同的，因为两者的波动性不同。

我们可能在玉米上设定750美元的止损水平，而在日元合约上是3,000美元。

如果我们要建立一个能同时适用于这两个市场的交易系统，我们很难在这两个市场上让用美元数量表示的止损水平相等。

750美元的止损水平对玉米来说是合适的，但对日元来说可能太小了；3,000美元的止损水平对日元来说是合适的，但对玉米来说太大了。

However, let\'s assume that, using the information in the example above, the ATR of Corn over a two day period is $500 and the ATR of Yen over the same period is $2,000. If we were to use a stop expressed as 1.5 ATRs we could use the same formula for both markets. The Corn stop would be $750 and the Yen stop would be $3,000. 然而，我们不妨假定在上面的例子中，玉米在两天内的真实波动幅度均值（ATR）是500美元，日元在两天内的真实波动幅度均值（ATR）是2,000美元。

如果我们把止损水平设置为1.5倍的ATR（即用ATR表示的止损水平），我们就能在这两个市场使用相同的标准（即1.5倍的ATR），玉米的止
损水平会是750美元，日元的止损水平会是3000美元。

Now lets assume that the market conditions change so that Corn becomes extremely volatile and moves $1,000 over a two day period and Yen gets very quiet and now moves only $1,000 over a two day period. If we were still using our stops as originally expressed in dollars we would still have a $750 stop in Corn (much too close now) and a $3,000 stop in Yen (much too far away now). However, our stop expressed in units of ATR would adapt to the changes and our new ATR stops of 1.5 ATRs would automatically change our stops to $1500 for Corn and $1500 for Yen. The ATR stops would automatically adjust to the changes in the market without any change in the original formula. Our new stop is 1.5 ATRs the same as always. 现在让我们假定市场条件变了，玉米波动性变的很高，两天之内运动了1000美元；而日元变得很平静，两天之内只运动了1000美元。

如果我们还使用以前的用美元数量表示的止损水平，即玉米的止损水平仍然定为750美元，日元的止损水平仍然定为3000美元，那么现在玉米的止损水平定的太近了，而日元的止损水平又定得太远了。

然而，用ATR的某一倍数表示的止损水平能适应市场的变化，1.5倍ATR的止损水平将自动调整玉米和日元的止损水平分别为1500美元。

用
ATR表示的止损水平能自动适应市场的变化，同时不会改变原先的止损标准，新情况下的止损标准与以前的止损标准一样，同是1.5倍ATR。

The value of having ATR as a universal and adaptive measure of market volatility can not be overstated. ATR is an invaluable tool in building systems that are robust (this means they are likely to work in the future) and that can be applied to many markets without modification. Using ATR you might be able to build a system for Corn that might actually work in Yen without the slightest modification. But perhaps more importantly, you can build a system using ATR that works well in Corn over your historical data and that is also likely to work just as well in the future even if the nature of the Corn data changes dramatically. ATR作为市场波动性指标具有的通
用性和适应性的使用价值无论怎么肯定都不过分。

ATR对于建立坚实的交易系统是非常有价值的（也就是说交易系统可能在未来同样有效），而且他们能不加修饰的用于多个市场。

使用ATR你可以设计一个既适用于玉米市场，同样也可以在没有任何修改的情况下用于日元市场。

但是，或许更重要的是，你可以建立一个系统，它不仅在玉米的历史数据测试中表现良好，它同样也很有可能在未来即使玉米市场变化很大的情况下仍然表现良好。

Sample Applications of ATR as
an entry tool: ATR作为一种入场工具的应用示例Entry Setups: (Remember, entry setups tell us when a possible trade is near. Entry triggers tell us to do the trade now.) 入场背景：（记住，入场背景告诉我们不久将会出现交易机会，而入场触发器告诉我们现在入场交易）Range contraction setup: Many technicians have observed that big moves often emerge from quiet sideways markets. These quiet periods can be detected quite easily by comparing a short period ATR with a longer period ATR. For example if the 10 bar ATR is only .75 or less of the 50 period ATR it would indicate that the market has been unusually quiet lately. This can be a setup condition that tells us an important entry is near. 波动区间收缩背景：许多技术派已经注意到大幅。