第二讲直译、意译

直译
直译：以句子为单位，尽量保持原文的语言结构、 形式，以及隐喻等，有助于表现原文的形象、思维、 语言趣味。 Nida: The deepest structure level of language involves a pool of semantic universals. To be armed to tooth 直译： 武装到牙齿（ 意译：全副武装） Be packed like sardines 直译：象沙丁鱼（罐头）一样拥挤（意译：拥挤不 堪） To shed crocodile tears 直译：掉鳄鱼眼泪（意译：猫哭老鼠假慈悲）

When
Jean graduated from high school she looked at the world through rosecolored glasses. （直译）吉恩（琼）高中毕业的时候，是戴 着玫瑰色的眼镜看周围的一切的。 （直译加意译）吉恩高中毕业的时候，总是 透过玫瑰色的眼镜，把世界看得太美好。
意译：指从意义出发，将原文的大意翻译出
来，使译文自然、流畅。意译不注意原文的 形式，如句法结构、用词、隐喻等手段。 一般而言，大部分情况下（70%-80%的情况） 都可以用直译；在无法直译的情况下便采用 意译。 Don’t monkey with my camera. I couldn’t agree more.
In Kino’s ears the Song of the Family was as fierce as a cry. He was immune and terrible. And his song had become a battle cry. (讨论译文)在吉诺的耳朵里，“家庭之歌”象叫喊 声一样的高昂。他是免疫的，可怕的，他的歌声变 成了呐喊。 （改译）基诺耳边响起的家庭之歌，就像呐喊声声， 凶猛激烈。现在他对于人间苦难，已是无所畏惧了， 反而让别人胆战心惊。家庭之歌已变成了战场上的 喊杀声。
Kino and Juana this was the morning of their lives, comparable only to the day when the baby had been born. （直译）在基诺和胡安娜看来，这是他们生 命中最了不起的一个早晨，只有宝宝出生的 那一天，才可以与之媲美。 （意译）基诺和胡安娜认为， 这一天非常重 要。
The
alternatives are clear to see. Inadequate translation: 代替的方法，现在 已经清楚在望。 解决的方法，（另外能行通的方法）已经显 而易见。 They have barely enough time to catch the train. (讨论译文)他们仅有足够的时间赶上火车。


An old dog like him never barks in vain. Whenever he barks, he always has some wise counsel worth listening to.
（死译）像他这样的老狗是从不乱叫的，一叫他总 有高见值得一听。 The camera gives us a lasting picture with all details of the object. (讨论译文)照相机给与我们包括物体一切细节的永 久性照片。

Didn’t
she swear she’d never again believe anything in trousers? Biblioteka Baidu(讨论译文)她不是发誓再不相信穿裤子的东 西了吗？ We in Zambia would like to build a colorblind society where all men can have equal opportunity. (讨论译文)……建立一个色盲的社会……
The
burning questions of my childhood had been richly answered. （死译）我儿童时代在我心中燃烧的问题， 终于得到了丰富的回答。 （意译）我小时候梦寐以求想得到答案（困 扰）的问题，终于得到了圆满的回答。
But
no one forces you to go to the sea; it gets in your blood. （直译）但谁也没有强迫你出海，他进到你 的血液里了。 （意译）但谁也没有强迫你出海，是你心甘 情愿的。 Be/run/get in sb’s blood:if an ability or tendency is/runs/goes in sb’s blood, it is natural to them
I
gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age. （死译）我把青春献给海洋，我回到家的时 候便把我的老年给了我的妻子。 （意译）我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里 见到妻子的时候，已是白发苍苍。
卡里的双唇紧闭，突然枪响了，有个东西击
中吉姆•加特林的肩膀，并把他像陀螺一样转 了起来。他身子侧着，倒向门口，因此第二 颗子弹没有击中他。原来温•卡里在膝部放着 一支枪并隔白布开了火。他眼睛里流露出胜 利的狞笑，时间也好像停止了走动。吉姆•加 特林看见白布上有两个洞眼，烧焦的边缘还 在冒烟。
For

Reagan
was more than cordial to Ford as they met for 65minutes. This is a mere apology for soup. 这实在不成其为汤（这只是汤的粗劣的代用 品）。 They were less than delighted to stay in town. 他们不乐意呆在城里。
第二讲 直译、意译
literal translation and free translation
1. The time-honoured debate over word-forword translation and sense-for-sense translation (Cicero, Horatius, Jerome etc.) In China, the debate is 直译、意译 直译：支谦《法句经序》：因循本旨，不加文饰 意译：鸠摩罗什 (Kumarajiva) 《鸠摩罗什传》： 改梵为秦，失其藻蔚，虽得大意，殊隔文体，有似 喂饭与人，非徒失味，乃令呕秽也。
死译
死译：以词为单位、严格、机械的将译入语
的词汇与原文对等，尽量做到“对号入座”。 由于亦步亦趋，过分拘泥于原文的形式，译 文生硬晦涩，往往是佶屈聱牙、难以卒读， 或根本无法理解。 The body lay white and still beneath the tree. Inadequate translation: 这具尸体苍白而安 静地躺在树下。
（死译）肉中的每一个原子，对我来说，都像我自 己的一样亲;它即使在病痛中，仍然是亲的。 There isn’t an atom of thruth in it. 发展是硬道理。 （死译）Development is hard reason.

这件事给邻居知道，岂不笑歪了嘴？ （死译）When neighbors heard of this, they’d laugh their mouths wry. （改译）When neighbors heard of this, they’d laugh their head off. 你唠叨得我耳朵都起了老茧。 （死译） Your nag has produced cocoons in my ears. （改译） You have talked the hind leg off the donkey. Nixon was smiling and Kissinger smiling more broadly. （死译）尼克松微笑着，基辛格笑得更宽阔。

Ashton’s eyes sparkled with sudden satisfaction. 艾士顿的眼睛突然闪出满意的神色。 Kunta burst suddenly into tears, as much in fear as in grief. 昆塔突然大哭起来，其害怕和悲哀是一样多。（死 译） 昆塔突然大哭起来，一方面是出于悲哀，另一方面 是出于恐惧。（直译）

2．直译(literal
translation)、 意译(free translation、liberal translation)、 死译(word for word translation)、 胡译(uncontrolled/unrestricted translation)
那地方是块肥肉，谁都想吃。
(讨论译文)That
place is a piece of fat meat, and everyone wants to eat it. The essence of pearl mixed with the essence of men a curious dark residue was precipitated. (讨论译文)珍珠的要素和人的要素一混合， 一种奇怪的黑渣滓便沉淀了下来。
It was an old and ragged moon. （死译）那是一个又老又破的月亮。 Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. （死译）他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣。

Every atom of your flesh is as dear to me as my own: in pain and sickness it would still be dear.
The hotels were all full so we had to pig it in an old hut for the night. He pigged at the dinner and now he is having it. I gradually wormed the secret out of him. There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term “intelligence” than there is on how to interpret or classify them. 人们对智力这个术语所指的行为类型看法较为一致， 而如何对其进行解释或分类，看法则不尽相同。
Cary’s
lips tightened, and suddenly a gun bellowed and something slammed Jim Gatlin in the shoulder and spun him like a top smashing him sidewise into the door. That first shot saved him from the second. Wing Cary had held a gun in his lap fired through the white cloth. There was sneering triumph in his eyes, and as though time stood still. Jim Gatlin saw the smoldering of the black-rimmed circles of the holes in the cloth.