1现在完成时讲解

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现在完成时讲解

一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done)

二.句型:

否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语:Yes,主语+ have/has.(肯定)

No,主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定)

三用法

(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影

响或结果、

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我

没有钱花了.)

Guo ziju n has (just/already) come.(含义:郭子君现在

在这儿)_

看至U这些词already, just, yet, before, ever, never, so far , three times

要用现在完成时。

(2)现在完成时可以用来表示在过去某一时刻发生,持续到现在的动作,常与for (+—段时间),sinee (+ 过去的时间点或过去时的句子)连用.

①fo叶一段时间

②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从 .. 以来)

③since+—段时间+ago

④since+过去时的句子

•⑤It is+ 一段时间+since+过去时的句子

Mary has bee n ill for three days.

I have lived here si nee 1998.

四.has gone (to),has bee n (to), has bee n (in)的区另 S

Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在这、不在说话现场)Where is your father ? He has gone to Shanghai.

Have/Has been (to):去过(人在这里,谈过去至j过哪里)

My father has bee n to Sha nghai. Have/has been in :在什么地方呆(还在这地方呆)My father has bee n in Sha nghai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.

五.过去时与现在完成时区别过去时只表示在过去发生了某事或过去存在一种状态,跟现在没任何关系。完成时也表示过去发生但跟现在有关系。

I lost the key. 我丢了钥匙,现在不知有没找到。

I have lost the key. 我丢了钥匙,现在还没找到。

注意:1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;2)不能与when连

用2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用

六.过去分词

1、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:

(1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。

work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。

live---lived---lived ,

(3) 、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i" 再加“ ed ”。

study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried

(4) 、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。

stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped

2、不规则动词:

原型过去式过去分词

七. .................................................... 瞬间动词(buy, die, join, come, go ,leave, join ................................. ) 不能直接与 for , since ,how long 连用。要改变动词

buy --- h ad borrow --------- kept

come/arrive/reach/get to---- been in almost four years.

2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept ( 不能用 have borrowed ) the book for quite a few days.

★3、 用 be 替代 become

How long has your sister been ( become ) a teacher? ★4、 用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用 wear 代替 put on 现在完成时练习 ( 一)

A ) 选用 have, has 填空:

1.I ______ told him the news.

2.She _______ come back from school.

3. You ______ won the game.

B ) 按要求改写下列各句 :

4. They have bought a computer.( 改成否定句 )

5. He has lost his book.

( 先改成一般疑问句 , 再作肯定与否定回答 )

C ) 单项选择

6. -Where have you ____ , Kate?

-I've _____ to the bank.

A. gone, gone

B. been, been

C. gone, been

D. been, gone

7. Her grandfather _____ for two years.

A. died

B. has died

C. has been dead

D. has been died

8. It's six weeks ____ I met you last.

A. when

B. since

C. before

D. for

9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.

A. have got

B. have gone to

C. have been to

D. have reached 现在完成时练习(二)

go out -- been out begin --- been on open --- b een open die --- been dead leave --- b een away

finish --- been over

close ---- b een closed

★ 1.have 代替 buy

My brother has had ( 不能用 has bought ) this bike for

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