(完整版)省略句语法讲义

省略句讲义

定义

在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：

Beg you pardon.

Sounds like a good idea.

一简单句中的省略

1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略

Doesn’t matter.

2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：

What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?

3、省略表语。

–Are you thirsty? – Yes, I am .

His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister .

4、同时省略几个成分

Let’s meet at the same place as yesterday.

–Have you finished your work ?

–Not yet.

二并列句中的省略

1、两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。

My brother is a doctor and my sister-in-law (is) a lawyer. （省略相同的谓语动词）

三复合句中的省略

1、主句中有一些成分被省略，如：

Sorry to hear you are ill.

Pity that he missed such a good chance.

常见的有：if possible. If necessary. What for? = why?

主句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替

－Are you leaving for Beijing this Sunday?

－I think so.

这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe /hope not. Why not? If so. If not.等等。

2.宾语从句中的省略

宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。

We all know (that) the earth runs around the sun.

Mary said (that) she is from American and that she is 16 years old.

3.定语从句中的省略

在定语从句中，that, which, who在从句中作宾语时可省略。

I haven’t read the book (that/ which) you’re reading.

4.状语从句中的省略

在以when, while, once引导的时间状语从句及以if, unless引导的条件状语从句中和though, although 引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。

When he was asked what he had done, John just kept silent.

______________________________________________________

If he is free, Jack will go with us.

________________________________________________________

Unless he is invited, he won’t come.

_______________________________________________________

While he is doing house work, my father often listens to music.

______________________________________________________________

四不定式中的省略

动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have, have been时，要保留这些词。

–Are you going there?

–Yes, I’d like to .

He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to .

–Are you an engineer? – No, but I want to .

–He hasn’t finished the task yet.

–Well, he ought to .

Attention !

使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。

I noticed a man to enter the classroom when I passed by.

A man was noticed to enter the classroom.

这类使役动词及感官动词主要有

一“感”: feel

二“听”: hear, listen to

三“让”: have, make, let

四“看”: watch, notice, observe, see

五、虚拟句中的省略

1. 在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were, had, should时，常可以省略if而将were, had, should 置于句首。

If I were you, I’d give the AIDS patient a hug.

________________________________________________________

If I had a lot of money, I’d aid the poor children.

_________________________________________________________

2. 在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should + 动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：

He suggest we should set out right away.

The order that we should stay where we are is very serious and severe.

六、练习

1. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. Questioned

D. to be questioned

3. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

4. — Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?

— ______?

A. What for

B. What is it

C. How is it

D. How come

5. I’m looking forward as much to her return as she herself to ______ me.

A. have seen

B. seeing

C. meet

D. be met

6. Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not ______?

A. ourselves

B. ours

C. We

D. us

7. — Did you visit the museum last week?

— No, we ______, but we spent too much time shopping.