英语六级阅读理解指导 文档 (2)

仔细阅读答题技巧

1 、选择题型的篇章阅读理解

这部分是考生们最为熟悉的四选一的选择题，文章的长度，出题的思路，解题的技巧都秉承了传统，还是应该根据历年的真题，好好复习。从样题看，主要还是考察考生的两大能力，即抓住主题和定位原文。要求考生读完一篇文章之后，能够抓住文章的主题，然后根据题干中的中心词迅速返回原文定位到某一句话，最后根据同义改写的原则，选出正确答案。

传统阅读题，在体裁上包含了常所用的各种文体，如记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记、新闻报道等。考题类型一般有细节题、主旨题、词义辨析题和推论题。而各类题目大都有自己的惯用句式。这些句式可以帮助考生了解考点是什么，要使用什么方法找到答案。所以，熟悉一些惯用句式对我们是非常有益的。现将惯用句式列举如下：

1）细节题.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

All the following statements are mentioned in the passage except that_____________

According to the passage，who（when，where，what，why，etc.）……？2）主旨题

The major point discussed in the passage is____________

The best title for this passage would be________________

The passage tells us___________

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to_______

3）词义推测题

The p hrase“……”most probably means__________

The phrase“……”in the context means___________

The word“……”in Line X refers to_____________

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“……”？4）推论题

It can be inferred／indicated from the passage that___________

It can be concluded from the passage that___________________

What is the author’s attitude towards the……？

The example of……is given to illustrate that____________-

在了解完题型分类之后，我们就要弄清做题顺序。实际上，要做好传统阅读题，还是需要将查读、略读和细读结合在一起。具体答题步骤如下：

a.仔细阅读文章第一段和最后一段。这两段通常会概括文章的主旨，也就是文后主旨题的答案。，

b.回答主旨题。在看完两段话之后，可以先回答后面的主旨题。

c.查读文后细节题。根据文后题目，在文中找寻关键词。这些关键词有助于我们找到所需信息在文中的位置，完成细节题和词义推测题。

d.略读文章。抓住文章里的标志性语言，段首句和段尾句（同“略读解题方法”）等，完成推论题。

2、篇章选词题

这种题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，篇章选词题在一篇长度为250-300个单词左右的文章当中去除了10个单词，后面提供15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的把握以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上了解文章的宏观结构，理解掌握具体的单词。篇章词汇部分，与完型填空有些相似，都是从备选答案中选出一词填入短文中。但是，很大程度上不同于完型填空的是，篇章词汇题侧重对短文的整体把握，侧重句子层次上实词的运用（包括句子内、句子之间和段落层次间），而非单词层次上的理解（如词义、语法等细节上的区分）。要做好篇章词汇理解测试这类题型，要求考生对文章整体能够细致理解与快速把握，需要运用查读和略读的方法。略读是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查读则是重点关注选择项的词性。可以遵循以下步骤：

1）答题前：

a.略读全文，抓住文章的主题--重点关注每段段首句和段末句；

b.查读选择项，根据词性对选项进行分类。

如以下练习：

Nature has a perfect system for recycling water.Water is used again and again.It falls as rain.Then it goes to one of three places.It might seep___1__through the soil as it soaks through into the natural reservoirs

underground.It might____2___into the air by evaporating quickly.It might run off into streams to rivers and to the oceans.

There is a problem with this recycling system.It is a balance that can be easily upset by people.Nature’s__3__system can work well only if people work with the system-not against it.Some ways that people interfere with nature are___4___to understand.Dirty sewage water from homes and factories must not___5___with drinking water.People would get____6__from drinking dirty water.

There are other ways that people___7___ nature.Some of these ways are not SO easy to understand.For example，a marshy bog may not be good for everything，but it serves an important purpose.The soft，wet soil of a bog allows water to___8___the underground reservoirs.What happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in? Many housing development projects have been built where____9___once were.The____10___of the houses are likely to have problems.They are likely to water，to flood in rainy seasons.Huge storm sewers are built to carry away with the water from wet areas.These huge pipes prevent wet basements in the house of the community.

A）mix I）marshes

B）reach J）easy

C）disappear K）hinder

D）join L）basements