英语定语从句总结(完整版)

定语从句（Attributive clauses）

在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有：

1）关系代词：先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose

先行词为物：which, that, whose

2）关系副词：when, where, why

注意：关系词起三个作用：①连接先行词和定语从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。

例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.

I. 关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

定语从句的构成: 先行词+ 关系词+ 从句

人物

主格Who/ that Which/ that

宾格Whom/ that/ who Which/ that

定语whose Whose: …of which

1）who, whom, that

这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)

He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）

2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）

The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）

3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

（which / that在句中作主语）

The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）

II. 关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。

I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

I know the reason why he came late.

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable.

Ⅲ. 介词+关系代词的用法

关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

This is the man(who/whom/that)I mentioned about in our meeting.

=This is the man about whom I mentioned about in our meeting,

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

但若有歧义，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：

Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)

Ⅳ.关系代词引导的限制性与非限制性定语从句

区别一：形式不同

限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。

区别二：功能不同

限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：

People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)

His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)

区别三：翻译不同

在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：

He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。

I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。

区别四：含义不同

比较下面的两个句子：

I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)

I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)