《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧因素

摘要：《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚戏剧创作中最杰出的代表作，著名的四大悲剧之一，又是莎士比亚戏剧艺术成熟的标志。该剧以丰富的时代内涵、生动的人物形象、复杂的矛盾冲突以及曲折多变的故事情节，给人们留下深刻的印象，吸引着他们对其不断的进行解读。本篇文章旨在从情节、人物、矛盾冲突等多方面分析《哈姆雷特》戏剧中的悲剧色彩。透过复杂的故事情节，该剧展示了十六世纪英国的动荡与混乱。该剧中任务众多，不同的任务有不同的性格，也反映了当时不同层次、身份的任务的特征以及他们的人生观。从而决定了他们最终的归宿。剧中哈姆雷特与克劳狄斯的斗争是新兴资产阶级人文主义者与日趋反动的封建王权代表任务之间的斗争，反映了文艺复兴时期先进人物为实现美好理想向社会恶势力所进行的斗争。作为文艺复兴的核心，人文主义在当时是一种新兴思潮，但却遭到失败。作为人文主义者的典型代表，哈姆雷特对人类抱有美好的看法。他相信人类的智慧、高雅和力量。然而，面对罪恶的现实，他所有的人文主义理想都被彻底破灭。因而只能以生命的代价换来精神上的胜利。作为时代的缩影，《哈姆雷特》揭示了人文主义理想破灭的必然性。

关键词：人物悲情；矛盾冲突；人文主义；情节悲剧；王权斗争

Abstract：As one of Shakespeare‟s the four famous tragedies, Hamlet is the most remarkable one. It is also the sign of the maturation in the art of Shakespeare‟s play. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. This article aims to analyze the tragedy aspects in Hamlet from all the aspects of plot, character, conflict, and so on, according to which it reveals more information about England in the period of Renaissance. Based on the complicated plots, Hamlet reveals the confusion of England in 16th. In this play, there are many characters. With different character, each one reflects different feature of different stage and their social status, and also their value of life, which decide their final sufferance. The struggle between Hamlet and Claudius is about the conflict between the newly emerged capital humanists and the feudal evil force, which reflects the humanists‟ hardship for their dreams to c ome true. As the essence of Renaissance, humanism is a newly emerged thought at that time, but unfortunately, it failed. On behalf of humanists, Hamlet confirms human‟s value and dignity, and also the wisdom and power, but in front of the evil reality, all his dreams are destroyed completely. He just gets the spiritual victory with the cost of his life. As the mitigation of the time, Hamlet shows that it is destined to fail for humanists.

Key Words：Tragedy of Characters; conflict; humanism; tragedy of plots; fighting for throne

Introduction

It is known that Hamlet is the most remarkable works of Shakespeare in his dramas. It describes a story of a prince‟s revenge for his father‟s death in Denmark, during which, it reveals human-being different conflicts. With abundant connotation of the time, vivid characters, complicated conflict and varied story, Hamlet gives people deep impression and moves them to appreciate it. There are three simultaneous plots of revenge, from which, the tragedy of characters is described more complicated. There is also some description of characters: Hamlet represents the few number of the advanced person emerging in the feudal society; Claudius, who is the head of the reactionary force, is also a schemer, the model character of double-dealer. He is dissolute, insidious and sham. But finally, such unforgivable man bears what he should do; Ophelia, who is one of the loveliest girls Shakespeare has described, is also a tragedy character in this play. She is kind, but because of her innocent and tenderness, she became the tool which her father used to