D2 1. 航空医疗培训:直升机紧急医疗服务过程中的人为因素考量
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• In our complex environment, errors will occur 在我们所在的复杂环境中,错误迟早会发生
• We are frequently tired and stressed 我们常常感到疲劳和紧张
• Training is often less than adequate 培训往往不够
• Symptoms of equipment malfunctions being missed 遗漏设备故障现象
Dudley Crosson, PhD Dudley Crosson 博士
• President of Delta P - 1988 to present Delta P公司总裁 – 1988年至今
• Aerospace Physiology consultant to NASA: 1988- 2003 美国国家航空航天局航空航天生理学顾问 – 1988年至2003年
• Chronic fatigue (physiological/psychological)? 慢性疲劳 (生理/心里)?
• Circadian disruption? 昼夜节律破坏?
• Lack of motivation/burnout? 缺乏动力/倦怠?
Fatigue 疲劳
Why? 为什么?
• Our system requires many people to do their job to enable the last person to do theirs 为了启动最后一个人执行他的工作,我们的系统要求很多人先执行其工作
Understanding human issues enhances safety
Training leads to safer more effective operations
培训引导更安全更有效的运营
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
Background 背景
• PhD in Diving Physiology…Board Certified Aerospace Physiology 潜水生理学博士… 航空航天生理学委员会认证
• Certificate of Management in Aviation Safety (ERAU) 航空安全管理认证(ERAU)
• Member, US Helicopter Safety Team (USHST) 美国直升机安全团队成员
• Member, CAMTS’ Aviation Advisory Board CAMTS 航空咨询委员会会员
Background 背景
Topics 议题
• Crew aeromedical training 机组人员航空医学培训
• Cultural (weakness) 文化因素 (弱点)
• Operational (mission first) 运营因素 (任务第一)
• Environmental (hot, noisy) 环境因素 高温,噪音大)
• Educational (lack of knowledge) 教育因素 (缺乏知识)
with such potentially fatal in-flight events 了解航空环境下人的生理特点的机组人员能够更好的应对飞行中潜在的致命因素
• Spatial Disorientation (IIMC) 空间定向力障碍 (IIMC)
• Hypoxia 缺氧
• And how self-induced conditions (fatigue) impact flight operations (decision making) 以及自发条件(疲劳)如何影响飞行运营(决断)
这些照片说明了了解光照效果影响理解的重要性
Visual Illusions 视觉错觉
Terrain Masking 地形遮挡
Fatigue
疲劳
Fatigue 疲劳
Work, Sleep Loss, etc. 工作,失眠等
A non-pathologic state resulting in a decreased ability to maintain function or workload due to physical and/or mental stress.
• Safety Management System (SMS) 安全管理系统 (SMS)
This presentation will explain the type of training needed
此文稿将解释需要的培训类型
Crew Aeromedical Training 机组航空医学培训
• February 2002 got involved in Public Safety 2002年2月参与公共安全
• Previous 此前
• Affiliate Professor (Aerospace Physiology and Human Factors), University of Hawaii at Hilo 夏威夷大学希洛分校, 兼职教授 (航空航天生理学及人为因素)
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
• Why? 为什么?
• Crew members who understand about physiology encountered in the aviation environment are better prepared to deal
Human Considerations in Developing a HEMS Operation
发展HEMS运营过程中 人的因素的考虑
Presented to: 演讲对象:
Chinese HEMS Development Conference 中国HEMS发展会议
Presented by: 演讲者:
Why is this important?
这个为什么重要?
Auditory??? 听觉???
Orientation
判断
Vestibular Apparatus 前庭器官
Proprioceptive 本体感受
Role of Vision 视觉的作用
Vision is the most reliable sense used during flight 视觉是飞行中用到的最可靠的感觉
在美国… 所有事故的90%都与 人为因素有关
This does NOT have to be you!!! 你不必成为其中之一!!!
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素 The GOOD NEWS
好消息
Learn from our mistakes!! 从我们的错误中学习!!
பைடு நூலகம்
Smoking
吸烟
Alcohol 酒精
Supplements 辅助药物
Hypoxia 缺氧
Fatigue 疲劳
These pictures were taken in the exact same location:
这些照片都是在相同的地点拍摄的:
These pictures show the importance in understanding how illumination effects interpretation:
了解人的问题可以加强安全 Training addresses human issues
培训可以解决人的问题
Spatial Disorientation
空间定向力障碍
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
• Spatial Disorientation
• US Navy Aviation Safety Officer Course 美国海军航空安全官课程
• Collateral Responsibilities 连带责任
• APSA Aeromedical Liaison APSA航空医学联络员
• Member, AsMA’s Aerospace Human Performance Committee AsMA 航空航天人为效率委员会会员
空间定向力障碍
• Spatial Disorientation is a normal response to abnormal stimuli
空间定向力障碍是对非正常刺激的正常反应
• Your perception of an illusion dictates your response 你对幻觉的认知决定你的反应
• #1 Causal Factor in Canadian accidents 加拿大事故的首位因素
Fatigue 疲劳
This does not have to be the same in China
在中国不必和他们一样
• Intense work/play? 大强度的工作/娱乐?
• Sleep deprived? 缺乏睡眠?
• We call this Human Factors 这个我们称之为人为因素
Training leads to safer operations
培训引导更安全的运营
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
In the US….90% of all accidents are human factors related
• Spatial Disorientation (IIMC) 空间定向力障碍 (IIMC)
• Decision Making 决断
• Fatigue 疲劳
• Aviation Life Support Equipment (ALSE) 航空救生设备 (ALSE)
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) 机组资源管理 (CRM)
由于生理和/或心理压力的非病理性状态导致保持功能或工作能力的丧失
A Fatigue Risk Mitigation Program enhances safety
疲劳风险规避项目帮助增强安全
• #1 Causal Factor in US Navy accidents 美国海军事故的首位因素
• #1 Causal Factor in US Air Force accidents 美国空军事故的首位因素
80%Vision 80% 视觉
Circulation in Normal Eye 正常眼循环
Fovea 中央窝
Optic Nerve 视神经
Everything else 其他一切
Vision 视觉
IntIenrtfeerrefnecreen干c扰e
Weather 天气
Night 夜晚
Laser 激光
• Associate Professor, Florida Institute of Technology 佛罗里达理工学院,副教授
• Paramedic Instructor/Diving Officer - Miami-Dade CC 迈阿密 Dade CC 护理指导教员/潜水官
• Lifeguard/Paramedic - Honolulu Ocean Rescue 火奴鲁鲁海洋救援 – 救生员/护理员
• Medical (reluctant to seek help) 医疗因素 (不愿寻求帮助)
Possible Operational Consequences from Fatigue 疲劳导致的可能的运营后果
• Hazardous flying 有害飞行
• Missed radio calls 错过无线电呼叫
This is all covered in training
这些在培训中都有涉及
The next slides will illustrate the depth of the training
下面几页将解释培训的深度
SensorySIennpustos r感y 觉In输pu入t
Vision 视觉
• We are frequently tired and stressed 我们常常感到疲劳和紧张
• Training is often less than adequate 培训往往不够
• Symptoms of equipment malfunctions being missed 遗漏设备故障现象
Dudley Crosson, PhD Dudley Crosson 博士
• President of Delta P - 1988 to present Delta P公司总裁 – 1988年至今
• Aerospace Physiology consultant to NASA: 1988- 2003 美国国家航空航天局航空航天生理学顾问 – 1988年至2003年
• Chronic fatigue (physiological/psychological)? 慢性疲劳 (生理/心里)?
• Circadian disruption? 昼夜节律破坏?
• Lack of motivation/burnout? 缺乏动力/倦怠?
Fatigue 疲劳
Why? 为什么?
• Our system requires many people to do their job to enable the last person to do theirs 为了启动最后一个人执行他的工作,我们的系统要求很多人先执行其工作
Understanding human issues enhances safety
Training leads to safer more effective operations
培训引导更安全更有效的运营
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
Background 背景
• PhD in Diving Physiology…Board Certified Aerospace Physiology 潜水生理学博士… 航空航天生理学委员会认证
• Certificate of Management in Aviation Safety (ERAU) 航空安全管理认证(ERAU)
• Member, US Helicopter Safety Team (USHST) 美国直升机安全团队成员
• Member, CAMTS’ Aviation Advisory Board CAMTS 航空咨询委员会会员
Background 背景
Topics 议题
• Crew aeromedical training 机组人员航空医学培训
• Cultural (weakness) 文化因素 (弱点)
• Operational (mission first) 运营因素 (任务第一)
• Environmental (hot, noisy) 环境因素 高温,噪音大)
• Educational (lack of knowledge) 教育因素 (缺乏知识)
with such potentially fatal in-flight events 了解航空环境下人的生理特点的机组人员能够更好的应对飞行中潜在的致命因素
• Spatial Disorientation (IIMC) 空间定向力障碍 (IIMC)
• Hypoxia 缺氧
• And how self-induced conditions (fatigue) impact flight operations (decision making) 以及自发条件(疲劳)如何影响飞行运营(决断)
这些照片说明了了解光照效果影响理解的重要性
Visual Illusions 视觉错觉
Terrain Masking 地形遮挡
Fatigue
疲劳
Fatigue 疲劳
Work, Sleep Loss, etc. 工作,失眠等
A non-pathologic state resulting in a decreased ability to maintain function or workload due to physical and/or mental stress.
• Safety Management System (SMS) 安全管理系统 (SMS)
This presentation will explain the type of training needed
此文稿将解释需要的培训类型
Crew Aeromedical Training 机组航空医学培训
• February 2002 got involved in Public Safety 2002年2月参与公共安全
• Previous 此前
• Affiliate Professor (Aerospace Physiology and Human Factors), University of Hawaii at Hilo 夏威夷大学希洛分校, 兼职教授 (航空航天生理学及人为因素)
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
• Why? 为什么?
• Crew members who understand about physiology encountered in the aviation environment are better prepared to deal
Human Considerations in Developing a HEMS Operation
发展HEMS运营过程中 人的因素的考虑
Presented to: 演讲对象:
Chinese HEMS Development Conference 中国HEMS发展会议
Presented by: 演讲者:
Why is this important?
这个为什么重要?
Auditory??? 听觉???
Orientation
判断
Vestibular Apparatus 前庭器官
Proprioceptive 本体感受
Role of Vision 视觉的作用
Vision is the most reliable sense used during flight 视觉是飞行中用到的最可靠的感觉
在美国… 所有事故的90%都与 人为因素有关
This does NOT have to be you!!! 你不必成为其中之一!!!
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素 The GOOD NEWS
好消息
Learn from our mistakes!! 从我们的错误中学习!!
பைடு நூலகம்
Smoking
吸烟
Alcohol 酒精
Supplements 辅助药物
Hypoxia 缺氧
Fatigue 疲劳
These pictures were taken in the exact same location:
这些照片都是在相同的地点拍摄的:
These pictures show the importance in understanding how illumination effects interpretation:
了解人的问题可以加强安全 Training addresses human issues
培训可以解决人的问题
Spatial Disorientation
空间定向力障碍
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
• Spatial Disorientation
• US Navy Aviation Safety Officer Course 美国海军航空安全官课程
• Collateral Responsibilities 连带责任
• APSA Aeromedical Liaison APSA航空医学联络员
• Member, AsMA’s Aerospace Human Performance Committee AsMA 航空航天人为效率委员会会员
空间定向力障碍
• Spatial Disorientation is a normal response to abnormal stimuli
空间定向力障碍是对非正常刺激的正常反应
• Your perception of an illusion dictates your response 你对幻觉的认知决定你的反应
• #1 Causal Factor in Canadian accidents 加拿大事故的首位因素
Fatigue 疲劳
This does not have to be the same in China
在中国不必和他们一样
• Intense work/play? 大强度的工作/娱乐?
• Sleep deprived? 缺乏睡眠?
• We call this Human Factors 这个我们称之为人为因素
Training leads to safer operations
培训引导更安全的运营
Aeromedical Training 航空医学培训
Human Factors 人为因素
In the US….90% of all accidents are human factors related
• Spatial Disorientation (IIMC) 空间定向力障碍 (IIMC)
• Decision Making 决断
• Fatigue 疲劳
• Aviation Life Support Equipment (ALSE) 航空救生设备 (ALSE)
• Crew Resource Management (CRM) 机组资源管理 (CRM)
由于生理和/或心理压力的非病理性状态导致保持功能或工作能力的丧失
A Fatigue Risk Mitigation Program enhances safety
疲劳风险规避项目帮助增强安全
• #1 Causal Factor in US Navy accidents 美国海军事故的首位因素
• #1 Causal Factor in US Air Force accidents 美国空军事故的首位因素
80%Vision 80% 视觉
Circulation in Normal Eye 正常眼循环
Fovea 中央窝
Optic Nerve 视神经
Everything else 其他一切
Vision 视觉
IntIenrtfeerrefnecreen干c扰e
Weather 天气
Night 夜晚
Laser 激光
• Associate Professor, Florida Institute of Technology 佛罗里达理工学院,副教授
• Paramedic Instructor/Diving Officer - Miami-Dade CC 迈阿密 Dade CC 护理指导教员/潜水官
• Lifeguard/Paramedic - Honolulu Ocean Rescue 火奴鲁鲁海洋救援 – 救生员/护理员
• Medical (reluctant to seek help) 医疗因素 (不愿寻求帮助)
Possible Operational Consequences from Fatigue 疲劳导致的可能的运营后果
• Hazardous flying 有害飞行
• Missed radio calls 错过无线电呼叫
This is all covered in training
这些在培训中都有涉及
The next slides will illustrate the depth of the training
下面几页将解释培训的深度
SensorySIennpustos r感y 觉In输pu入t
Vision 视觉