托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总

托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总,这些功能词要会用。

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托福写作必备核心词汇表述汇总这些功能词要会用托福写作观点的表述The author: discuss introduce argue conclude suggest recommend propose appealThe speaker:1.point out say tell2.disagree disapprove refute rebut reject object to oppose counter3.doubt question challenge4.cite mention quote refer to5.suggest put forward illustrate show explain托福写作反驳关联套句1.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates.2.Thi s is entirely oppose to the writer’s expectation.3.This is where the speaker disagrees with the writer.4.This was another part where experience contradicted theory.5.not as the passage puts it, ….托福写作指代*信息的抽象名词1.reason cause basis ground motive motivation2.example instance3.evidence date fact proof basis foundation4.explanation account5.definition description clarification托福写作指代讲座信息的抽象名词1.studies researches2.finding discovery3.alternative explanation theory4.counter-example counter-evidence5.claim assertion托福独立写作素材：领导特质托福写作素材:领导特质What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important.托福独立写作范文：The qualities of a good supervisor are too numerous to name.It also depends on the situation. Supervisors who work in an academic situation may have different qualities from those who work in a business company. Generally speaking, however, all good supervisors must have the qualities of effective communication, fair treatment, and role models.First, a good supervisor communicates well. A supervisor gives instructions and directions to his or her supervisees as to what work to do and how to do it. Then instructions and directions must be clearly communicated so that they can be followed. If they are not clearly formulated and explained, the supervisees may feel at a loss at why they have to do something and how to do it. (I know of somebody who gets angry easily when his employees fail to followhis instructions. However, he often gives vague instructions and is unwilling to clarify his requirements, which makes it difficult for his supervisees to follow his instructions.) Thus, a good supervisor is effective in communicating his or her instructions and is willing to clarify things for his or her supervisees.Second, a good supervisor shows fair treatment of employees. The supervisor treats all his or her employees with equal respect and shows no favoritism. Otherwise, some employees may have a sense of unfairness and demonstrate performance less than ideal. Even though the supervisor may have or develop some personal feelings about or personal relationship with an employee, he or she does not let such feelings or relationship affect his or her judgment and treatment of the person. Instead, the supervisor evaluates each employee’s performance against the same set of criteria and rewards or punishes each employee on the basis of objective assessment.Finally, a good supervisor sets an example for employees. In other words, a good supervisor sets the standards for his or her employees by his or her own behavior. Well goes an English proverb, “Example is better than percept.” A good supervisor must do what he or she requires the subordinates to do. For example, ifthe supervisor works hard, it is likely that his or her employees will work diligently as well. Likewise, if the supervisor always gets work done on time, the employees must feel pressured to finish work on time, too. Therefore, a good supervisor acts professionally if he or she expects the supervisees to act in a professional way.In short, the main qualities of a good supervisor are effective communication, fair treatment, and role models. Most supervisors have effective communication skills but sometimes forget fair treatment of employees or fail to set an example for them. Good supervisors should check themselves, every once in a while, to make sure that they are practicing these qualities.托福独立写作范文：出国读书托福独立写作题目:出国读书Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home counties. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.托福独立写作范文：Studying in one’s home country offers un ique benefits. For example, the home country provides best education in some subjects that other countries do not offer. However, it is importantto study overseas for at least part of one’s higher education. By studying abroad, students can acquire a new language, get to know another culture, and pursue good programs.The most obvious advantage of studying overseas is learning a new language. It is important to be bilingual or even multilingual nowadays. For example, international communication is essential for our global economy. For many students who choose to study in English-speaking countries, they can easily pick up English if they are actively engaged in speaking English. Even for those who have had a good grasp of English in reading and writing, they can still improve their spoken English after exposure to an English-speaking environment.As important as learning a new language is becoming acquainted with a new culture. Cultures differ from one another and they are even diametrically opposite on some points. By studying overseas, students become familiar with other ways of life and learn to respect them. For example, to students from some cultures, privacy is a relatively new concept. The students may choose to tell their course grades to their classmates in the foreign country and ask them for similar information. In turn, they may feel disappointed or even shocked to receive no answer and be told thatthis is privacy. After a while, however, they have a better understanding of the concept of pervasive privacy in the foreign country.Last but not least, we are able to undertake excellent programs in the foreign country where we choose to study. Some programs may not be available in the students’ home country. For example, a student who is interested in American literature may find that no university in his or her country offers this program. Other programs are available in the students’ home country but not on a par with similar programs in a foreign country. This can be illustrated by MBA programs of American universities. A number of counties offer MBA programs, but many think that American universities offer the best MBA programs. This accounts for the fact that the majority of MBA holders have obtained the degree from American universities.Studying abroad can be rewarding. Not only can students acquire a new language and know more about a different culture, but they can pursue excellent programs as well. Indeed, studying in a foreign country is a worthwhile experience.托福写作备考策略之独立话题1.Somestudents prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their grades determined by only afew large ones. Which do you prefer and why?2.An effective leader tries to make others feel they are parts ofa decision.3.If a city has an amount of money, which option listed in the following do you prefer?Build a public garden to provide quiet environment to benefit allBuild a sports field for students in high school which doesn’t have its own.ernmenthas done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.5.In the past,people were more interested in improving their neighborhoods than they are today.6.In the past,young people depended on their parents for making decisions. Today young people are better able to make decisions on their own.7.It is better to relax by watching TV or reading a book than by doing physical exercises.8.We should state our honest opinions even though people may disagree with us.9.In order to succeed in a new job, the ability to adapt oneself to the new environment ismore important than excellent knowledge.10.People spend too much time communication through social media and text messages.11.There is noreason to be rude to another person.12.Technology designed to make people’s life simpler in fact make peoples life morecomplicated.13.Movies andTV programs made in your own country are more interesting compared to moviesand programs made in other countries.14.It is as important for older people to study and lean new things as it is for youngpeople.15.To remain happy and optimistic whenever you fail is more important than to achieve success.16.It is important to know what is happening around the world, even if it does not affect your personal life.实用方法介绍丨1.常用论点/理由针对独立写作的常见话题，大致可归成三类：个人类(关于学习、工作、休闲、做人的选择);古今类(题目中有明显的now… past … 让考生判断现在和过去在某一方面的比较);决策类(题目中通常有government这个词出现，讨论政府的投资或者政策，有些题目虽然没有government这个词出现，但如果涉及的是有社会影响力的话题，也可以划为政府类，比如A/D Professional athletes such as the football playerand basketball player deserve high salaries that they are paid.)1)个人类常用理由学知识、练技能、拓展视野……..工作机会、赚钱…….交朋友、陪伴家人……. (合作、沟通) …….品质(自信，独立，坚持，乐观) / 兴趣爱好身体健康、放松心情…….省时间、省钱、省精力………..2)古今类常用理由现代社会的优点：教育: 先进全面鼓励个性工作：种类丰富机会多医疗：治愈缓解更多疾病技术：网络电子产品汽车公共设施：便利的交通娱乐购物餐饮法律制度：保障个人权利媒体：揭露真相传播信息人与人：互动频繁、方便经济进步：更充裕的钱和无助世界和平：更少的战争伤亡现代社会的缺点：环境问题(污染，能源消耗)生活压力(学习，工作)欺骗敲诈3)决策类常用思路注：除了使用个人类常用理由，针对决策类这种和政府相关有社会影响力的题目，建议多角度讨论，一下是常见的讨论角度：1.大众individuals对我们有什么用?(放松健康省钱知识关系等等)是不是我们每个人都需要的?(大多数/ 小众)2. 相关群体relativegroups题目中谈论到的比如artists,scientists, athletes 等等3. 企业companies企业有钱，可以代替政府去投资有利可图的领域4. 社会SocietyEco nomy(tourism), culture, safety, improvement …丨2.对比段通常来说，托福独立写作的论证写3段，上文介绍了最基本的常用理由，但有时候，因为各种原因只想出2个理由的时候，可以写一段对比段，即把对比论证写一段。