不定式(Infinitive)剖析讲解
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He was seen to enter the building.
8,在have know+宾语之后，这里的know以完成体 形
式出现，译为：看过，听过。其后接不带to不定 式。但如果是被动态则用带to不定式。例如：
I have never known(=seen) that man smile.
She wished never to see him again. c,不定式的被动态：to be + -ed 分词或to have been + -ed分词
eg:The matter to be discussed at the meeting is hard nut to crack. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician.
Eg: They did nothing except work.
There’s no choice but to wait. 注：在SVC句型中，如果主语部分有动词do的任
可不带to.例如： All you do now is (to) complete the form. The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself. 11,在why…/why not…?之后，在此句式中，紧接 why之后的不定式常不带to.例如： Why argue with him? Why not give Mary some flowers? 1)在一些习惯性用法之后
4
Eg: He would rather listen to others than talk himself. I would just as soon stay as go.
4,在rather/sooner than之后，这两+不带to不定式 Eg: Rather than cause trouble,he left. (2)当其置于句中其他位置时，既可带to也可
(不能不，不得不)等后接 不带to的不定式 eg:I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
Since it’s a fine day we might as well walk. We can not but weep at the sad news. 2) 而 would rather/would sooner/would (just) as 之后 也能跟than-/as- 分句，译为“宁愿……而不愿……” 在这种that-/as-分句中接不带to 的不定式.
That man has never been known to smile. 9,在help(help+宾语)之后，可用带to不定式也可
用不带to不定式。
Eg: I’ll help you solve it. 10,在介词except/but之后，如果在此之前有动词
“do”的任何形式，其后不带to,否则带to.
eg:Have you got to the dentist’s today I happened to be out when he called.
3 在情态成语（Modal Idiom）后 1）在would rather / would sooner / would just as soon(宁愿)，may / might (just) as well (不妨，可以)， cannot but / cannot help but
第19讲 不定式(一)
不定式（Infinitive）
通常，英语动词分为：不定式，-ing分词,-ed分词。 一 不定式的结构形式 1 不定式的一般形式，进行体和完成体 a，一般式：to do
进行体式: to be doing 完成体式：to have done 完成进行体式：to have been doing b,不定式的否定形式:not/never等否定词+不定式符号 eg:We decided not to buy that house.
作主动词，其后 接不带to不定式 eg:We needn’t say this evening.(助动词)
We don’t need to stay this evening.（主动词） 2）Dare 作情态助动词接不带to不定式
作主动词接带to不定式
eg:I dare not go there.
I do not dare to go there. .2 在半助动词后接不带to 不定式
2
二 带to的不定式（To-infinitive与不带to的不 定式（Bare-infinitive）
• 1 在情态动词之后一般不带to
Eg:You must do as you’re told. 但边际情态动词（Mmarginal Modal Auxiliary）如： need,dare等词不同. 1）Need 作情态助动词，其后接带to不定式
to的不定式。例如： John made her tell him everything.
She was made to tell him everything.
7
7,在“感觉动词+宾语”之后，在see,hear,notice,feel 等感觉动词+宾语之后用不带to不定式。例如： The two boys were sorry indeed to see him go. I watched him eat his breakfast. (1)“look at和listen to+宾语”之后也能用不带to的 不定式。 Eg: Look at that boy jump! Do you like listen to other people talk？ （2）上述动词为被动语态时，不带to不定式转化为带to 不定式。 Eg: They saw him enter the building.
不带to Eg: He decided to write rather than tel- ephon
这种用法被归入“使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式”
6，在“使役动词+宾语”之后，let,make,have 等使役动词+宾语 之后不带to的不定式
Eg: We can’t let it go. I don’t know how she makes the money go round 特别：当使役动词为被动语态时，不带to不定式转为带
8,在have know+宾语之后，这里的know以完成体 形
式出现，译为：看过，听过。其后接不带to不定 式。但如果是被动态则用带to不定式。例如：
I have never known(=seen) that man smile.
She wished never to see him again. c,不定式的被动态：to be + -ed 分词或to have been + -ed分词
eg:The matter to be discussed at the meeting is hard nut to crack. He is sure to have been taught by a good musician.
Eg: They did nothing except work.
There’s no choice but to wait. 注：在SVC句型中，如果主语部分有动词do的任
可不带to.例如： All you do now is (to) complete the form. The only thing I can do now is (to) go on by myself. 11,在why…/why not…?之后，在此句式中，紧接 why之后的不定式常不带to.例如： Why argue with him? Why not give Mary some flowers? 1)在一些习惯性用法之后
4
Eg: He would rather listen to others than talk himself. I would just as soon stay as go.
4,在rather/sooner than之后，这两+不带to不定式 Eg: Rather than cause trouble,he left. (2)当其置于句中其他位置时，既可带to也可
(不能不，不得不)等后接 不带to的不定式 eg:I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
Since it’s a fine day we might as well walk. We can not but weep at the sad news. 2) 而 would rather/would sooner/would (just) as 之后 也能跟than-/as- 分句，译为“宁愿……而不愿……” 在这种that-/as-分句中接不带to 的不定式.
That man has never been known to smile. 9,在help(help+宾语)之后，可用带to不定式也可
用不带to不定式。
Eg: I’ll help you solve it. 10,在介词except/but之后，如果在此之前有动词
“do”的任何形式，其后不带to,否则带to.
eg:Have you got to the dentist’s today I happened to be out when he called.
3 在情态成语（Modal Idiom）后 1）在would rather / would sooner / would just as soon(宁愿)，may / might (just) as well (不妨，可以)， cannot but / cannot help but
第19讲 不定式(一)
不定式（Infinitive）
通常，英语动词分为：不定式，-ing分词,-ed分词。 一 不定式的结构形式 1 不定式的一般形式，进行体和完成体 a，一般式：to do
进行体式: to be doing 完成体式：to have done 完成进行体式：to have been doing b,不定式的否定形式:not/never等否定词+不定式符号 eg:We decided not to buy that house.
作主动词，其后 接不带to不定式 eg:We needn’t say this evening.(助动词)
We don’t need to stay this evening.（主动词） 2）Dare 作情态助动词接不带to不定式
作主动词接带to不定式
eg:I dare not go there.
I do not dare to go there. .2 在半助动词后接不带to 不定式
2
二 带to的不定式（To-infinitive与不带to的不 定式（Bare-infinitive）
• 1 在情态动词之后一般不带to
Eg:You must do as you’re told. 但边际情态动词（Mmarginal Modal Auxiliary）如： need,dare等词不同. 1）Need 作情态助动词，其后接带to不定式
to的不定式。例如： John made her tell him everything.
She was made to tell him everything.
7
7,在“感觉动词+宾语”之后，在see,hear,notice,feel 等感觉动词+宾语之后用不带to不定式。例如： The two boys were sorry indeed to see him go. I watched him eat his breakfast. (1)“look at和listen to+宾语”之后也能用不带to的 不定式。 Eg: Look at that boy jump! Do you like listen to other people talk？ （2）上述动词为被动语态时，不带to不定式转化为带to 不定式。 Eg: They saw him enter the building.
不带to Eg: He decided to write rather than tel- ephon
这种用法被归入“使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式”
6，在“使役动词+宾语”之后，let,make,have 等使役动词+宾语 之后不带to的不定式
Eg: We can’t let it go. I don’t know how she makes the money go round 特别：当使役动词为被动语态时，不带to不定式转为带