自动化专业英文P2U1英文全文带翻译课件
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自动飞行控制系统把飞行员从保持正确航向、高度和姿 态的连续操作任务中解脱出来。没有了这些常规操作，飞 行员可以执行其他的任务，如领航或通讯，这样就减少了 所需的机组人员，降低了飞行费用。
intuition 直觉 commands 命令 disturbances 扰动
dynamic regulations
现代控制理论是随着高速数字计算机的出现而发展 起来的。它以状态变量的概念为特征，重点在于矩 阵代数，分析和设计主要在时域。每种方法都有其 优点和缺点，也各有其倡导者和反对者。
tutorial advantage 指导性优点
adequate 胜任、足够
As compared to modern approach ,the classical approach has the tutorial advantage of placing less emphasis on mathematical techniques and more emphasis on physical understanding. Furthermore, inmany design situations the classical approach is not only simpler but may be completely adequate.
abound in
盛产于
abstract
抽象的
The World of Control Introduction The word control is usually taken to mean regulate,direct,or command.Control systems abound in our environment. In the most abstract sense it is possible to consider every physical object as a control system..
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
[1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system. 飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航 系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向 方式来驾驶飞机。 [2] Since the output is fed back in a functional form determined by the nature of the feedback elements and then subtracted from the input… 因为输出会以由反馈部件特性决定的函数形式 反馈回来，然后从输入中减去……
phases 方法 Parameters 参数
is concerned with
与…相关
The application of control theory has essentially two phases: dynamic analysis and control system design.The analysis phase is concerned with determination of the response of a plant (the controlled object) to commands,disturbances, and changes in the plant parameters.
July 28, 2007
自动化专业英语教程
教学课件
Email : wanghongwen@hebut.edu.cn http: // www.hebut.edu.cn
源自文库
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
与现代控制理论相比，经典方法具有指导性的优点， 它把重点很少放在数学技术上，而把更多重点放在 物理理解上。而且在许多设计情况中，经典方法既 简单也完全足够用。
satisfactory 令人满意的 modification 修正、改良 If the dynamic response is satisfactory, there need be no second phase. If the reponse is unsatisfactory and modification of the plant is unaccptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements (the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.
控制理论本身分成两个部分：经典和现代。经典控 制理论始于二次大战以传递函数的概念为特征，分 析和设计主要在拉普拉斯域和频域内进行。
arisen 出现
emphasis on
着重，强调
Modern control theory has arisen with the advent of high-speed digital computers and can be characterized by the state variable concept with emphasis on matrix algebar and with analysis and design principally in the time donmain. As might be expected,each approach has its advantages and disadvantages as well as its proponents and detractors.
如某动态响应是满足需要的，就不需要第二步了。 如果系统不能满足要求，而且不能改变被控对象， 就需要进行系统设计，来选择使动态性能达到要求 的控制元件。
categories 类型 be characterized by ..的特点在于
Control theory itself has two categories:classical and modern.Classical control theory, which had its start during Word War II, can be characterized by the transfer function concept with analysis and design principally in the Laplace and frequency domains.
控制的世界 简介 控制一词的含义一般是调节、指导或者命令。 控制系统大量存在于我们周围。在最抽象的意义 上说，每个物理对象都是一个控制系统。
extend 延伸/扩展 routine 例行公事
physical capabilities 身体能力 compensate for 补偿
Control systems desigend by humans are used to extend their physical capabilities, to compensate for their physical limitations, to relieve them of routine tasks, or to save money.
控制理论的应用基本上有两个方面：动态响应分 析和控制系统设计。系统分析关注的是命令、扰 动和系统参数的变化对被控对象响应的决定作用。
satisfactory 令人满意的 modification 修正、改良 If the dynamic response is satisfactory, there need be no second phase. If the reponse is unsatisfactory and modification of the plant is unaccptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements (the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.
例如在现代航空器中，功率助推装置可以把飞行员的 力量放大，从而克服巨大的空气阻力推动飞行控制翼面。 飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞 行员就无法在轻微的飘摆效应下完成飞机的驾驶。
navigation 航行 altitued 高度 consequently 当然的
heading atitude crew
动态的 调整
In many cases, the design of control system is based on some theory rather than intuition or trail-and-error.Control theory is used for dealing with the dynamic response of a system to commands, regulations,or disturbances. 在很多情况下，控制系统的设计是基于某种理论， 而不是靠直觉或试凑法。控制系统能够用来处理 系统对命令、调节或扰动的动态响应。
航向 姿态 机组人员
An autopilot(flight control system) relieves the pilot of the task of continuously operating the controls to maintain the desired heading, altitued, and atitude.Freed of this routine task,the pilot can perform other tasks,such as navigation and/or communications, thus reducing the number of crew required and consequently the operating cost of the aircarft
控制系统被人们用来扩展自己的能力， 补偿生理上的限制，或把自己从常规、单 调的工作中解脱出来，或者用来节省开支。
power boost 功率推助装置 aerodynamic 空气动力学
Dutch roll 飘摆效应 mode
In a modern aircraft, for example, the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control surfaces against large aerodynamic forces. The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly demped Dutch roll mode without the addition of yaw deamper systems .
intuition 直觉 commands 命令 disturbances 扰动
dynamic regulations
现代控制理论是随着高速数字计算机的出现而发展 起来的。它以状态变量的概念为特征，重点在于矩 阵代数，分析和设计主要在时域。每种方法都有其 优点和缺点，也各有其倡导者和反对者。
tutorial advantage 指导性优点
adequate 胜任、足够
As compared to modern approach ,the classical approach has the tutorial advantage of placing less emphasis on mathematical techniques and more emphasis on physical understanding. Furthermore, inmany design situations the classical approach is not only simpler but may be completely adequate.
abound in
盛产于
abstract
抽象的
The World of Control Introduction The word control is usually taken to mean regulate,direct,or command.Control systems abound in our environment. In the most abstract sense it is possible to consider every physical object as a control system..
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
[1] The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly damped Dutch roll mode without a yaw damper system. 飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航 系统，飞行员就无法通过轻微阻尼的侧倾转向 方式来驾驶飞机。 [2] Since the output is fed back in a functional form determined by the nature of the feedback elements and then subtracted from the input… 因为输出会以由反馈部件特性决定的函数形式 反馈回来，然后从输入中减去……
phases 方法 Parameters 参数
is concerned with
与…相关
The application of control theory has essentially two phases: dynamic analysis and control system design.The analysis phase is concerned with determination of the response of a plant (the controlled object) to commands,disturbances, and changes in the plant parameters.
July 28, 2007
自动化专业英语教程
教学课件
Email : wanghongwen@hebut.edu.cn http: // www.hebut.edu.cn
源自文库
P2U1A The World of Control
第二部分第一单元课文A 控制的世界
P2U1A The World of Control
与现代控制理论相比，经典方法具有指导性的优点， 它把重点很少放在数学技术上，而把更多重点放在 物理理解上。而且在许多设计情况中，经典方法既 简单也完全足够用。
satisfactory 令人满意的 modification 修正、改良 If the dynamic response is satisfactory, there need be no second phase. If the reponse is unsatisfactory and modification of the plant is unaccptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements (the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.
控制理论本身分成两个部分：经典和现代。经典控 制理论始于二次大战以传递函数的概念为特征，分 析和设计主要在拉普拉斯域和频域内进行。
arisen 出现
emphasis on
着重，强调
Modern control theory has arisen with the advent of high-speed digital computers and can be characterized by the state variable concept with emphasis on matrix algebar and with analysis and design principally in the time donmain. As might be expected,each approach has its advantages and disadvantages as well as its proponents and detractors.
如某动态响应是满足需要的，就不需要第二步了。 如果系统不能满足要求，而且不能改变被控对象， 就需要进行系统设计，来选择使动态性能达到要求 的控制元件。
categories 类型 be characterized by ..的特点在于
Control theory itself has two categories:classical and modern.Classical control theory, which had its start during Word War II, can be characterized by the transfer function concept with analysis and design principally in the Laplace and frequency domains.
控制的世界 简介 控制一词的含义一般是调节、指导或者命令。 控制系统大量存在于我们周围。在最抽象的意义 上说，每个物理对象都是一个控制系统。
extend 延伸/扩展 routine 例行公事
physical capabilities 身体能力 compensate for 补偿
Control systems desigend by humans are used to extend their physical capabilities, to compensate for their physical limitations, to relieve them of routine tasks, or to save money.
控制理论的应用基本上有两个方面：动态响应分 析和控制系统设计。系统分析关注的是命令、扰 动和系统参数的变化对被控对象响应的决定作用。
satisfactory 令人满意的 modification 修正、改良 If the dynamic response is satisfactory, there need be no second phase. If the reponse is unsatisfactory and modification of the plant is unaccptable, a design phase is necessary to select the control elements (the controller) needed to improve the dynamic performance to acceptable levels.
例如在现代航空器中，功率助推装置可以把飞行员的 力量放大，从而克服巨大的空气阻力推动飞行控制翼面。 飞行员的反应速度太慢，如果不附加阻尼偏航系统，飞 行员就无法在轻微的飘摆效应下完成飞机的驾驶。
navigation 航行 altitued 高度 consequently 当然的
heading atitude crew
动态的 调整
In many cases, the design of control system is based on some theory rather than intuition or trail-and-error.Control theory is used for dealing with the dynamic response of a system to commands, regulations,or disturbances. 在很多情况下，控制系统的设计是基于某种理论， 而不是靠直觉或试凑法。控制系统能够用来处理 系统对命令、调节或扰动的动态响应。
航向 姿态 机组人员
An autopilot(flight control system) relieves the pilot of the task of continuously operating the controls to maintain the desired heading, altitued, and atitude.Freed of this routine task,the pilot can perform other tasks,such as navigation and/or communications, thus reducing the number of crew required and consequently the operating cost of the aircarft
控制系统被人们用来扩展自己的能力， 补偿生理上的限制，或把自己从常规、单 调的工作中解脱出来，或者用来节省开支。
power boost 功率推助装置 aerodynamic 空气动力学
Dutch roll 飘摆效应 mode
In a modern aircraft, for example, the power boost controls amplify the force applied by the pilot to move the control surfaces against large aerodynamic forces. The reaction time of a human pilot is too slow to enable him or her to fly an aircraft with a lightly demped Dutch roll mode without the addition of yaw deamper systems .