小学英语语法主语谓语宾语

小学英语语法主语、谓语、宾语

主语：主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。

一、名词作主语

David arrived last night.

大卫昨晚到达。

Pride goes before a fall.

骄必败。

二、代词作主语

Who is speaking, please?

(在电话中)请问您是谁?

That's OK.

这没问题。

三、数词作主语

Two will be enough.

两个就够了。

Two-thirds of the workers are women.

三分之二的工人是女工。

四、ing形式作主语

Skating is good exercise.

溜冰是很好的运动。

Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.

从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。

五、不定式作主语

To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.

把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。

六、名词化的形容词作主语

The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.

在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。

The unemployed usually lead a hard life.

失业的人生活一般很困难。

七、短语作主语

How to do well is an important question.

如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.

早睡早起身体好。

八、从句作主语

What has happened proves that our policy is right.

发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。

Whether we'll go depends on the weather.

我们是否去要看天气。

谓语：谓语(predicate verb)是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。

谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如：

I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)

It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)

复合谓语也可分为两种情况：

第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：

What does this word mean?

I won't do it again.

You'd better catch a bus.

第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：

The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.

Keep quiet and listen to me.

He looked worried.

宾语：宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。

一、名词作宾语

Show your passport, please.

请出示护照。

二、代词作宾语

He didn't say anything.

他什么也没说。

三、数词作宾语

How many do you want? - I want two. 你要几个?- 我要两个。

四、名词化的形容词作宾语

They sent the injured to hospital. 他们把伤员送到医院。

五、不定式或ing形式作宾语

They asked to see my passport.

他们要求看我的护照。

I enjoy working with you.

我和你们一道工作很愉快。

六、从句作宾语

Did you write down what he said?

你把他的话记下了没有?