安全工程专业英语UNIT 10
《安全工程专业英语》教学课件 unit10
Risk of Coal Dust Explosion and its Elimination
Lack of one of the elements of the pentagon or braking connection between them excludes the explosion’s appearance. In the case of the underground coal mine this model says that:
Risk of Coal Dust Explosion and its Elimination
Appearance of explosion requires the simultaneous appearance of five factors, forming the so-called explosion pentagon. (Figure 1)
combustible (coal dust) exists by its nature and in the explosion the coal dust participates,
oxidizer is atmospheric air, ignition sources results from mining technology,
Unit 10 Risk of Coal Dust Explosion
and its Elimination
Risk of Coal Dust Explosion and its Elimination
The phenomenon of a coal dust explosion has been known since more than 100 years. Almost 100 years ago the Courrieres disaster, costing 1099 lives took place. Other tragedies followed and continue to occur. We would like to be good prophets and tell that the coal dust explosion hazard is over, but experience and statistics tell us that explosions have occurred and will continue to occur. The question appears − is the lesson of many disasters not learned? Do they result because of lack of knowledge and protection means? What is the cause of the biggest mining hazard?
(完整word版)交通安全工程专业英语词汇
交通安全工程专业英语词汇1 交通规则 traffic regulation2 路标 guide post3 里程碑 milestone4 停车标志 mark car stop5 红绿灯 traffic light6 自动红绿灯 automatic traffic signal light7 红灯 red light8 绿灯 green light9 黄灯 amber light10 交通岗 traffic post11 岗亭 police box12 交通警 traffic police13 打手势 pantomime14 单行线 single line15 双白线 double white lines16 双程线dual carriage-way17 斑马线 zebra stripes18 划路线机 traffic line marker19 交通干线 artery traffic20 车行道 carriage-way21 辅助车道 lane auxiliary22 双车道 two-way traffic23 自行车通行 cyclists only24 单行道 one way only25 窄路 narrow road26 潮湿路滑 slippery when wet27 陡坡 steep hill28 不平整路 rough road29 弯路 curve road ; bend road30 连续弯路 winding road31 之字路 double bend road32 之字公路 switch back road33 下坡危险 dangerous down grade34 道路交叉点 road junction35 十字路 cross road36 左转 turn left37 右转 turn right38 靠左 keep left39 靠右 keep right40 慢驶 slow41 速度 speed42 超速 excessive speed43 速度限制 speed limit44 恢复速度 resume speed45 禁止通行 no through traffic46 此路不通 blocked47 不准驶入 no entry48 不准超越 keep in line ; no overhead49 不准掉头 no turns50 让车道 passing bay51 回路 loop52 安全岛 safety island53 停车处 parking place54 停私人车 private car park55 只停公用车 public car only56 不准停车 restricted stop57 不准滞留 restricted waiting58 临街停车 parking on-street59 街外停车 parking off-street60 街外卸车 loading off-street61 当心行人 caution pedestrian crossing62 当心牲畜 caution animals63 前面狭桥 narrow bridge ahead64 拱桥 hump bridge65 火车栅 level crossing66 修路 road works67 医院 hospital68 儿童 children69 学校 school70 寂静地带 silent zone71 非寂静地带 silent zone ends72 交通管理 traffic control73 人山人海 crowded conditions74 拥挤的人 jam-packed with people75 交通拥挤 traffic jam76 水泄不通 overwhelm77 顺挤 extrusion direct78 冲挤 extrusion impact79 推挤 shoved80 挨身轻推 nudging81 让路 give way82 粗心行人 careless pedestrian83 犯交通罪 committing traffic offences84 执照被记违章 endorsed on driving license85 危险驾驶 dangerous driving86 粗心驾车 careless driving87 无教员而驾驶 driving without an instruct or88 无证驾驶 driving without license89 未经车主同意 without the owner's consent90 无第三方保险 without third-party insurance91 未挂学字牌 driving without a L plate92 安全第一 safety first93 轻微碰撞 slight impact94 迎面相撞 head-on collision95 相撞 collided96 连环撞 a chain collision97 撞车 crash98 辗过 run over99 肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver100 冲上人行道 drive onto the pavemen。
安全工程专业英语汉译英1-8
Unit One安全管理safety management 事故致因accident causation 不安全行为unsafe acts不安全状态unsafe conditions企业安全文化corporate safety culture安全政策safety policyUnit Two系统安全工程system safety engineering 危险辩识hazard identification/identified危险控制hazard control 安全评价safety evaluation危险分析hazard analysis安全准则safety criteria Unit Three安全人机工程safety ergonomics 工作效率work efficiency工作压力job stressors伤害率injury rate人机过程ergonomics process职业伤残work injuryUnit Four工伤保险injury insurance 人因失误human error风险评估risk assessment人机系统ergonomics system工业事故industrial system事故类型accident types Unit Five职业安全健康occupational health and safety职业安全健康管理体系occupational health and safety management system危险源分析hazard analysis 事故分析accident analysis风险管理risk management职业伤害occupational injury Unit Six工业卫生industrial hygiene 物理危害physical hazards 化学危害chemical hazards非电离辐射non-ionizing radiation生物危害biological hazards职业病occupational diseaseUnit Seven安全文化safety culture企业文化corporate culture 高危行业high-risk industry事故率accident rate应急预案emergency plan安全评审safety review Unit Eight安全激励safety motivation 自我激励self-motivation个人需求individual demand 社会需求social needs安全氛围safety atmosphere 生理需求physiological needs。
安全工程专业英语
一、专业词汇翻译mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤coalfield n. 煤田strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向roadway n. 巷道mining district 采区coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面ventilation n. 通风bolt v. 打锚杆；n. 锚杆immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；gas，methane 瓦斯outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层fault n. 断层occurrence 赋存coalfield 煤田air shaft风井surrounding rock 围岩Mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿trap door 通风门moisture content 湿度rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous[地]火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性free gas游离状态瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放Borehole 钻孔★Accident Causation Models：事故致因模型★System safety：系统安全★Hazard analysis：危害分析★Hazard identification：危险源辨识★Ergonomics process 人机工程过程★Hazard Identification 危险源辨识★safety culture 安全文化★corporate culture 企业文化★Accident Investigation：事故调查★mine fire 矿井火灾二、句型翻译★1、Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能—规范—知识的三级模型，用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。
资料：《安全工程专业英语》
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company 集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification 危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译
安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译Introduction《安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译》是一本专门针对安全工程专业的英语学习教材。
该教材主要围绕安全工程领域的基础理论、先进技术和相关实践进行了详细的介绍和解析，并提供了中英文对照的翻译。
本文档将对《安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译》的主要内容进行总结和梳理，以Markdown文本格式输出，方便学习者进行查阅和学习。
目录1.第一章：安全工程概述2.第二章：安全管理3.第三章：安全工程建设4.第四章：安全评价与风险管理5.第五章：安全监测与故障诊断6.第六章：安全仪器设备与技术7.第七章：安全应急管理8.第八章：安全生产与环境保护9.第九章：安全法规与标准10.第十章：安全知识与实务第一章：安全工程概述安全工程是一门跨学科的学科领域，它综合运用工程学、管理学、社会学等多个学科的理论和方法来保障人们的生命财产安全。
本章主要介绍了安全工程的定义、发展历程以及当代安全工程面临的挑战。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第二章：安全管理安全管理是安全工程的核心内容之一，它涉及到组织、计划、控制、协调和改进等方面的工作。
本章主要介绍了安全管理的基本原理和主要方法，包括风险管理、事故调查与分析、安全规划与组织等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第三章：安全工程建设安全工程建设是为了预防和减少事故发生而采取的一系列措施和技术手段。
本章主要介绍了安全工程建设的原则和方法，并详细介绍了建设过程中需要注意的事项和技术要点。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第四章：安全评价与风险管理安全评价与风险管理是对安全工程进行评估和控制的重要手段。
本章主要介绍了安全评价和风险管理的方法和技术，包括定量风险评估、风险控制策略、安全标准与规范等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第五章：安全监测与故障诊断安全监测与故障诊断是对安全工程运行状态进行监测和故障诊断的重要手段。
资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》
Unit 1 safety man ageme nt system Accide nt causatio n models 事故致因理论Safety man ageme nt 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machi ne guard机械保护装置ingHouse-keep ing 工作场所管理Top man ageme高层管理人员ntHuma n errors 人因失误Accide nt-pro nen ess models 事故倾向模型Mun iti ons factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risk ing tak ing 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss preve nti on 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard con trol 危险控制Inten sive study 广泛研究Organi zati onal performa nee 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Shop-floor 生产区Seni ority资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Abse nteeism rate 缺勤率Power relatio ns 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level man ageme nt 低层管理者Busin ess performa nee 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety prin eiple 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Impleme nt pla n 执行计戈UHazard ide ntificati on 危险辨识Safety performa nee 安全性能译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
专业英语 常用短语1
第一部分安全工程专业词汇（共15个）1.accident 事故(1)accident investigation 事故调查(2)accident prevention 事故预防(3)accident cause 事故原因(4)accident causation theory 事故致因理论(5)serious accidents 严重事故(6)fatal accidents 致命事故/死亡事故(7)incident 突发事件(8)undesired event 不希望发生事件(9)near-miss 未遂事故、未遂事件2.hazard 危险、危险源、危险有害因素、隐患（1）identification of hazards/ hazard identification 危险源辨识（2）hazard analysis 危险分析/隐患分析（3）identifying, analyzing, eliminating, and controlling hazards 辨识、分析、消除和控制危险因素（危险源）（4）approaching to a hazard means facing danger3.risk 风险（1）risk management 风险管理（2）risk assessment/evaluation 风险评估/风险评价（3）risk control 风险控制（4）probabilistic risk analysis 概率风险分析4.safety 安全（1）safety engineering 安全工程（2）system safety engineering系统安全工程（3）safely culture 安全文化（4）safety policy 安全方针（5）Safety assessments/evaluation 安全评价（6）safety management 安全管理（7）intrinsic Safety 本质安全（8）unsafe condition 不安全状态（9）unsafe act（behavior）不安全行为(10) construction safety 建筑安全(11) mining safety 矿山安全（采矿安全）5.reliability 可靠性（1）reliability engineering 可靠性工程（2）probability 概率（3）component failure 部件失效/部件故障（4）probability of occurrence 发生概率6.fault tree事故树（1）Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) 事故树分析法（2）undesired event 不希望发生事件（3）AND and OR gates 与门和或门（4）minimal cut set 最小割集7.Event Tree 事件树8.Ergonomics人机工程学（1）human factors engineering 人因工程学（2）Physical ergonomics 人体人机工程学(3) anthropometry（人体测量学）,(4) physiology（生理学）(5) biomechanics （生物力学）(6) musculoskeletal disorder 肌肉骨骼疾病（7）workplace layout 工作场所布局（8）95th percentile of the population 人群的第95百分位（9）lighting and visibility 照明与能见度（10）illumination（照度）（11）luminance (brightness) 亮度9.Occupational Health and Safety 职业安全卫生（1）Occupational Health and Safety Management System 职业健康安全管理体系（2）Occupational Health and Safety Act（美国）职业安全卫生法（3）Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)（美国）职业安全卫生管理局（4）National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) (美国)国家职业安全卫生研究所（5）China Occupational Safety and Health Association( COSHA) 中国职业安全卫生协会10.injury 伤害/受伤（1）industrial injury 工伤（2）industrial injury insurance 工伤保险(3) Injury and Fatality伤亡（4）direct and indirect costs of injuries 伤害的直接和间接损失（5）medical case injury ,restricted work injury, lost workday injury 需要医疗处理的伤害、工作受限的伤害、损失工作日的伤害11.dust（1）dust concentration 粉尘浓度（2）dust sampling 粉尘采样（3）respirable dust（呼吸性粉尘）（4）aerosol 气溶胶（5）solid particles 固体颗粒（6）airborne particulates空气中的悬浮颗粒(7) size distributions of the particulates 粒径分布、分散度12.occupational disease 职业病（1）silicosis 矽肺病（2）pneumoconiosis 尘肺病（3）incidence of pneumoconiosis 尘肺病发病率（4）respirable disease 呼吸疾病13.exposure 接触、暴露(1)exposure limit 暴露限值(2)time-weighted average（TWA）时间计权平均14.fire and explosion 火灾与爆炸（1）inflammable mixture 可燃混合物（2）arc flashes电弧（3）intensity of the sparks 火花强度（4）Flameproof Electrical Apparatus隔爆电器（5）fire and explosion prevention 防火防爆15.Other Terms 其他术语(1)Industrial Hygiene 工业卫生(2)ionizing and non-ionizing radiation(电离与非电离辐射)(3)noise and vibration control 噪声与振动控制(4)sound intensity and sound pressure 声强与声压(5)confined spaces 有限空间(6)Personal Protective Equipment（PPE）个体防护装备(7)emergency plan 应急预案(8)Electric/Electrical Shock电击/触电(9)electrical safety 电气安全第二部分商务英语词汇（共3个）1.Letter of credit 信用证（1）Irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证（2）Advising Bank 通知行（3）Issuing Bank 发证行（4）Beneficiary 受益人（5）Applicant 申请人（6）Expiry 有效期、截止日期2.Bill of lading 提货单（1）Partial shipment 分船装运（2）Transshipment 转船装运（3）Commercial invoice 商业发票（4）Shipper 托运人（5）Consignee 收货人（6）Assignee 受让人（7）Port of loading 装运港（8）Port of discharge 卸货港（9）Freight 运费（10）Gross weight 毛重（11）Net weight 净重（12）Measurement 尺寸（13）Shipping mark 唛头、装运标志3.Contract 合同（1）Original 正本（2）Sellers卖方（3）Buyers 买方（4）Party A 甲方(5) be signed/be entered into/ be reached/ be made by and betwee n…由…共同签订（6）Terms and conditions of the contract 合同条款（7）Quantity 数量（8）Unit price 单价（9）Total price 总价（10）CIFC 3% 成本、保险、运费加3%佣金（11）Insurance 保险（12）Terms of payment 付款方式（支付条款）（13）Commodity inspection 商品检验（14）Discrepancy and Claim（争议与索赔）（15）Force Majeure（不可抗力）（16）Arbitration（仲裁）（17）Technical Specifications（技术规格）（18）Country of Origin and Manufacturer （原产地和制造商）（19）Taxes and Duties 税务（20）Performance Security 履约保证金（21）Assignment and Subcontracts 转让与分包（22）Applicable Law 适用法律（23）Effectiveness of the Contract 合同生效。
《安全工程专业英语部分翻译》
Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论致因理论Safety management 安全管理安全管理 Physical conditions 物质条件物质条件 Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理工作场所管理 Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误人因失误 Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型向模型Munitions factory 军工厂军工厂 Causal factors 起因起因 Risking taking 冒险行为冒险行为 Corporate culture 企业文化企业文化 Loss prevention 损失预防损失预防Process industry 制造工业制造工业 Hazard control 危险控制危险控制 Intensive study 广泛研究广泛研究 Organizational performance 企业绩效绩效Mutual trust 相互信任相互信任 Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会安全委员会 Shop-floor 生产区生产区 Unionized company 集团公司集团公司 Seniority 资历、工龄资历、工龄 Local culture 当地文化当地文化 Absenteeism rate 缺勤率缺勤率 Power relations 权力关系权力关系 Status review 状态审查Lower-level management 低层管理者Business performance 组织绩效组织绩效组织绩效 Most senior executive 高级主管高级主管 Supervisory level 监督层监督层 Safety principle 安全规则安全规则Wall-board 公告栏公告栏Implement plan 执行计划执行计划 Hazard identification 危险辨识危险辨识 Safety performance Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions – invented, discovered, or developed by a givengroup as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration – that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems” 译文：译文：Schein Schein 给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
安全工程专业英语教材
安全技术及工程专业英语ContentSection one (1)Mine ventilation (1)Section two (6)Methane and its control (6)Section three (17)Mine fires (17)Section four (21)Accident prevention principles (21)Section five (24)Hazard Identification (24)Section six (29)Accident Investigations (29)Section seven (34)Accident Analysis in Mine Industry (34)Section oneMine ventilationThe two purposes of mine ventilation are: (1) to answer the requirements of the law in regard to supplying a stated quantity of fresh air per minute to each man in the mine, and to dilute render harmless, and sweep away dangerous gases. In coal mines the quantity of fresh air prescribed is generally from 100 to 150cu.ft/min/man in the mine. Some mining regulation specify a maximum limit to the quantity of methane permitted in the return air of coal mines, and some limit the amount of carbon dioxide permissible in the mine air. (2) to make working conditions more comfortable for miners. If conditions of humidity and air temperature are favourable, a decide cooling effect on the men is secured by giving the proper velocity to the an current, and the efficiency of the miners is increased. Dust and fumes from explosives are also removed.Natural and artificial ventilationPress differences required to cause air flow, may be produced by natural or mechanical forces. Flow caused by unequal densities or weights of air columns in or near the openings (due mainly to temperature differences) is “natural-draft” flow, and resulting pressure-differences are “natural draft pressure”. The relatively feeble currents forming complete flow-circuits in undivided single openings, also due to equal densities, are separately termed” convection currents ”. Many metal mines and some small coal mines are ventilated by natural draft alone, which also acts in conjunction with fan pressure in mechanically-ventilated mines; Where its importance largely depends on depth of workings and mine resistance.The effect of natural conditions in creating a circulation of air in a mine is illustrated in Fig 1. It will be assumed that the temperature of the air current at any point in the mine is T1, and the outside temperature is T2. The column of air whose weight tends to produce circulation is H1 for the main shaft, and H2 for the air shaft. H2being composed of two sections, namely H a+H m. The direction in which the air will circulate and the pressure producing circulation may be derived by calculating.The difference between the weights of the two columns is the pressure in pounds per square foot that produces circulation of the air, and the direction of flow will be toward the column of lesser weight as indicated by the arrows in the figure.In mines where the natural ventilation pressure is inadequate to supply the necessary air, fans are used. However, the effect of natural ventilation on the performance of the fan is important. Owing to the change in temperature from summer to winter conditions, natural ventilation may reverse its direction; in one case it assists the fan, in the other case it opposes it.V entilation of coal mines is nowadays almost universally effected by use of the fans, of which there are many types. Such fans may either exhaust the air from the upcast shaft or blow or force the air down the downcast shaft. With few exceptions, exhausting fans at the top of the up-cast shaft are used in modern mines.Fig.1 Natural ventilationAlthough many types of fans are used for mine ventilation, they fall into two classes, viz, the centrifugal or wheel-type fan and the axial-flow or propeller type fan.During recent year the centrifugal fan has found a rival in the axial-flow or propeller-type fan, which is now being used in increasing numbers to such an extent that it is largely replacing the centrifugal fan for mine ventilation.The action of the axial-flow fan differs from that the centrifugal fan in that the air passes axially alone the fan instead of being discharged from the circumference of the fan by centrifugal force. The fan consists essentially of one or more rotors (some- what similar to aeroplane propellers; in the first axial-flow mine fans that rotors wereactually aeroplane propellers). There rotors carry blades and rotate at a high speed within a circular casing which the air enters at one end and is discharged at the other end. The number of rotors or stages depend upon the pressure to be produced, and mine fans may have anything from one to four stages, with the equivalent number of rotors mounted on the same shaft.Although apparently simple in construction and operation, this type of fan calls for a high degree of skill in the design and arrangement of the blades. With the axial-flow fan it is possible to vary the performance by increasing its speed, by increasing the number of stages or rotors, and by altering the pitch or inclination of the blades, and these alterations can be made over fairly wide limits without seriously reducing the efficiency at which the fan works.Underground fansFans are used underground mainly for two purpose, viz, as boosters for assisting the main fan, and as auxiliary fans for the ventilation of headings and blind ends.The use of booster fans underground is confined to cases where the workings have extended to such great distances from the pit-bottom that the surface fan is incapable of circulating the quantity of air necessary for the ventilation of these remote workings and where it would be necessary either to install a larger and additional airways to allow adequate ventilation.Such fans are usually installed in the return airways, but when electrically driven the driven the driving motor must be supplied with fresh of intake air.The distribution of mine ventilationThe present-day practice is to split the air near the bottom of the downcast shaft into several intake airways, each of which serves a certain area of the workings or district of the mine. Similarly, separate returns are provided for the several working areas or districts near the upcast pit-bottom.Splitting the air in this way is essential if the large volumes of air required in modern mines are to be provided, and in addition it offers many advantages, the chief of which are:1.Each district is supplied with fresh air.2.A much large quantity of air circulates in the mine, due to lower resistance by multiple circuits or roadways.3.There is less risk of accumulation of gas.4.In the event of trouble in a district or an explosion, the trouble or damage is more likely to be confined to the particular district in which it occurs and less likely to affect the whole mine.5.The velocity of the air currents in the intakes, returns and workings is lower, and the ventilating pressure required for a given total quantity of air is reduced, with consequent economy in power consumption.Left to its own devices, the air would simply pass down the downcast and take the nearest way to the upcast shaft, leaving the rest of the mine unventilated. To prevent this and ensure the proper distribution of the air throughout the mine, various devices are employed.Stoppings. As the mine workings advace, various connections between the intake and return airways must be sealed, as must also be abandoned roadways in order to prevent air leaking and circulating in areas where it is no longer required. It is required that any road connecting an intake and a return airway which has ceased to be required for the working of the mine shall be effectively sealed forthwith. For this purpose stoppings are constructed to confine the air along the desired course. These stoppings are built from floor to roof and from side to side of the roadways, and are constructed in many ways.In important position they may be built of masonry or concrete, while at other times they may consist merely of debris packed in the roadway to a sufficient thickness to prevent the passage of air.Doors. It is frequently necessary to prevent the passage of air along roadways which must, however, be available for persons or materials to pass. In these cases ventilation doors are employed. Not less than two doors are usually inserted, so that one can remain shut at all times to prevent short-circuiting of the air which would happen if a single door was used. In important situations near the pit-bottom and between main intakes and returns, it is customary to erect three or more door, and inup-to-date mines these are sometimes constructed of steel plates with rubber beading around the edges to reduce leakage to a minimum. In other situations strong wooden doors with door frames built in brickwork surrounds are employed.Sheets. Near the working faces, where the ventilating pressure is small and the ground is unsettled, sheets are sometimes employed as substitutes for doors to divert the air current. These consist of long brattice cloth or sacking, made windproof and usually fireproof, hung from roof to floor, and nailed to a piece of timber, often a roof bar. They can thus be lifted or pushed out of position for men or tubs to pass. The use of sheets is not recommended in position where it is possible to insert doors, as they are far from leakproof and are easily deranged, when they allow the air to short-circuit and rob the working places of ventilation.Air crossings. To ensure the supply of air to all parts of the mine, if frequently becomes necessary that an intake airway and a return airway shall cross each other. In such cases an air-tight bridge, called an air crossing, overcast or cross over has to be constructed.Regulators. In order to obtain the desired distribution of air between the various districts, it is usually necessary to restrict the amount of air flowing into certain districts which offer a low resistance to air flow. This is effected by the use of regulators. It is obvious that without regulators large volumes of air would tend to flow in the splits of low resistance, leaving only small quantities for the remote workings which offer a high resistance.A regulator usually consists of a small sliding door or adjustable shutter set in an ordinary ventilating door.Section twoMethane and its controlMethane and respirable dust are the two common problems encountered in underground coal mining. They are more severe in modern longwall mining because of high production.Methane and its drainageOnce the air enters the mine shaft, its composition changes and becomes mine air. most notably, the dust and hazardous gases will increase and dilute the concentration of oxygen. In addition, the air temperature, humidity, and pressure will all change. When those changes occur slightly, the mine air, which is not significantly different from the atmospheric air, is called fresh air. This usually refers to the air before passing through the working faces. After passing through working face or gob it is called the return air.In general, mine gas refers to all the hazardous gases in mines. The most frequently encountered hazardous in underground coal mines are methane(CH4), carbon dioxide(CO2), carbon monoxide(CO), sulphur dioxide(SO2), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), nitrogen dioxide(NO2) and hydrogen(H2).Methane or marsh gas, by miners it is termed firedamp or simply “gas”, is the major component of the hazardous gases in underground coal mines. It occupies approximately 80~96% by volume. Thus normally when one speaks of mine gas, one means methane. It is colorless and odorless; its diffusivity is about 1.6 times that of air. Since it has a low specific gravity (0.554), methane is easily accumulated near the roof of the roadway and working faces. Though it is harmless to breathe in small quantities, it is suffocating if its concentration is very high.The most dangerous problem with methane is the potential of methane explosion. It will be ignited when its concentration is between 5 and 16% ( 9.5% is the most dangerous ) and the air temperature is from 1.200 to 1.3820F ( 650~7500C). Some coal seams and rock strata contain large amounts of methane, and under high pressure, the coal and gas will burst out suddenly and simultaneously. Obviously, certainappropriate measures must be employed to extract methane from these coal seams in advance.The amount of methane emission in an underground coal mine can be expressed either by the absolute amount or the relative amount of emission. The absolute amount of emission is the absolute amount of emission per unit time in the whole mine. Its volumetric unit will be ft 3/day (m 3/day) or ft 3/min (m 3/min). However, the relative amount of emission is the average amount of emission per ton coal produced within a certain period of time, ft 3/ton (m 3/ton).During a normal production period the methane concentration is diluted to below the lowest limit allowed by law mainly adjusting the volume of the ventilated air. The required volume of air in a working face can be determined by k c Q Q gasair =;where Q air is the required fresh air volume in ft 3/min (m 3/min). C is the maximum allowable limit of methane concentration in the return air, generally 1~1.5%. The allowable limit of methane concentration varies from country to country. For instance, the limit in China is 1%; Holland 1.5% up to 2% in some area; West Germany 1~1.5%; France 1.5~2% for some faces with monitoring instrument; and in the U.S. 1~2%. K is the nonuniform coefficient of gas emission, generally 1.5.Following the recent rapid development in longwall machinery, the longwall productivity has improved greatly while the coal produced is much smaller in size. These two events increase the amount of methane emission tremendously and consequently require a much larger volume of ventilated air. For example, in the United States the fresh air required at the longwall face is from 1.800 to 50.000 ft 3/min (510~1.417m 3/min).Most of the methane produced during coalification and metamorphism escapes to the atmosphere through fissures in the strata. A small part stays in the fissures in the surrounding strata and still another small part remains in the coal. The methane stays in the coal or the fissures in the surrounding strata either in free or adsorbed state. The free methane moves freely in the coal or the fissures and fractures in the strata, whereas the gas molecules in the adsorbed methane tightly adhere to the surface of theinterior fissure or the interior of coal particles. Under certain conditions, the free and adsorbed states are in equilibrium. As the pressure, temperature, and mining conditions change, the equilibrium will be destroyed. When the pressure is increased or the temperature is decreased, some parts of the free methane will become adsorbed. Conversely, some of the adsorbed methane will be released to become free methane. During mining operation the coal seams and the surrounding strata are subjected to continuous fracturing, which increases the passageways for the methane and destroys the equilibrium between the free and adsorbed methane that exists under natural conditions. As a result, some of the adsorbed methane will be freed. Thus under normal conditions, as mining progresses, the methane in the coal and the surrounding strata will be released continuously and uniformly. This is the basic form of methane emission. Only methane in the free gas state can flow into mine workings.Methane content of seam and surrounding strata is the most important factor controlling the amount of methane to be emitted. If the seam contains a large amount of methane, it will emit more methane during mining. In addition, methane content in the coal seam and the surrounding strata also depends on the seam depth and geological conditions. Generally methane content in creases with seam depth. If the seam is close to the surface, especially if there are outcrops, methane will escape to the atmosphere and consequently methane content will be lower. The seam inclination is also a controlling factor. Since flowing along the bedding planes is much easier than flowing perpendicular to them, the larger the seam inclination, the more the methane escapes. If the surrounding strata are thick and tight in structure, the methane will more likely remain in the strata. Conversely, if the fissures are well developed in the strata, the methane will escape easily.If the seam being mined has a high methane content, the mining method employed should be those that extract with high recovery and leaves as leaves as little coal in the gob possible. In this respect, longwall mining is the most suitable.During coal cutting the amount of methane emission increases sharply. However, different methods of coal cutting produce different amounts of methane emission. It depends mainly on the amount of coal cut loose, the size of the newly exposed coalface, and the size of the broken coal, For example, if air picks are used, the amount of methane emission increases 1.1~1.3 times; 1.4~2.0 times for blasting;1.3~1.6 times for shearer cutting; and 2.0~4.0 times for hydraulic jetting. This is why coal seams with high methane content are not suitable for hydraulic mining. In modern longwall faces, the shearer cuts rapidly, resulting in high production. Consequently the amount of methane emission is large. It will be necessary to strengthen ventilation in order to reduce the methane concentration.If longwall mining with the full-caving method is used, the methane originally stored in the roof strata and adjacent seams will be released and will flow into the normal ventilation networks. This is especially true during the periodic roof weighting when the main roof acts vigorously and caves in large areas. It may also reactivate the static air accumulated in the gob and flow into the face area and the tailentry. If the sealing method is used, the gob must be kept sealed tightly, because in a sealed gob, the methane accumulated may reach as high as 60~70% in the static air. The methane-rich static air should not be allowed to leak into the normal ventilation networks If, on the other hand, the open gob is employed, the gob must be ventilated adequately to reduce the potential of accumulating high concentrations of methane in certain areas.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 1There are three requirements methane explosion: a minimum concentration of methane and of oxygen and a suitable heat source. The min. concentration, 5％，is the lower explosion limit, and 15% is the upper limit. If below 5%, it forms a bluish stable combustion layer around the flame without initiating explosion. If larger than 5%, there is insufficient amount of oxygen to promote the chemical reactions leading to explosion. When the methane content in fresh air 9.5%, once it encounters a heat source of sufficient temperature, the whole amount of methane and oxygen will participate in the chemical reactions.It must be noted, however, that as the oxygen content in the air decreases, the lower explosion limit will slowly increase while the upper explosion limit will drop sharply. When the oxygen content is decreased to 12%, the methane-air mixture will not be ignited. If the gob is sealed, there will be considerable accumulation of methane. But it will not be ignited even if there were spontaneous combustion in theremanent coal. This is due to the fact that in the sealed gob, there is insufficient amount of oxygen in the air.The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature for igniting a methane explosion and generally ranges from 1,202 to 1,292 F(650~700℃). There are many underground heat sources that can ignite a methane explosion. These include any exposed fires, spontaneous coal combustions, electric arcings, high temperature gases from blastings, every hot metal surfaces and sparks due to impact and friction. However, once the methane-oxygen mixture encounters the heat source it requires a minimum reaction time before explosion. Although the reaction time is extremely short(Table),it is very important for mining operations. Therefore, when using permissible explosives, as long as the shot-firing is properly implemented, the methane will not be ignited.In underground coal mines , methane explosion can occur in any place, however, most of them occur at the working faces where methane emission is the largest. Based on the factors contributing to methane explosion, the most effective methods for preventing methane explosion are to reduce the accumulation of methane and to eliminate high-temperature heat sources.The areas where methane is likely to accumulate are the gob, working faces at the development entries, gob-side tailentry T-junction, near cutting drums off the shearer, and in the roof fall cavities.It is very likely that methane accumulates to high concentration in the gob. In the United States the gobs are ventilated to prevent methane accumulation and to reduce the temperature. In most other countries the gobs are tightly sealed that itcompletely cuts off any fresh air flowing into the gob or prevents high-concentration methane air flowing out of the gob. In any event, if amount of methane emission is large, some methods of methane drainage directly from the gob to the surface are necessary. The withdrawn methane can be used as a fuel or as a raw material for chemical by-products.Frequently at the working faces of the development entries. due to insufficient air volume and speed, the methane cannot be effectively diluted and/or swept away. The methane concentration may reach a critical level. Since the specific gravity of methane is very small, it tends to accumulate near the roof line and forms a methane layer, sometimes up to 8~12 in (200~300mm) thick. It can be diluted or swept away by directing air flowing at 1.64~3.28ft/ sec(0.5~1m/sec). If necessary, a guide board or pipe, or perforated compressive air pipe may be installed along the roof line to dilute the methane layer.To increase the air volume and air speed is an effective method for diluting the methane concentration in the entries. But if the methane emission is very heavy, other supplementary measures are necessary. These include; (1) natural drainage-in this method, several entries are driven alternately. The methane will drain itself during the period of alternate stoppage; (2) drain as advance-in this method, holes are drilled on either one or both ribs approximately 49~66ft(15－20m) outby from the face. Each hole is connected to the drainage pipe out; (3) holes are drilled ahead of the face and the methane is drained for a period of time before the face is advanced.Methods of Preventing Methane Explosion 2The tailentry corner is the major area where high-concentration methane accumulates. This is due to the facts that, first, it serves as the major exit for the high-concentration methane in the gob, and second, when the fresh air reaches the tailentry T-junction it has to make a 90°turn which results in a turbulent air flow in the tailentry corner. Consequently, the methane accumulated in this area cannot be carried away. Several methods can be employed to eliminate the problems:1. If the methane emission is heavier, some drainage methods are necessary in the tailentry corner (Fig.2).A steel pipe 150~300ft (46~92m)long is installed long the tailentry. The gob end of the pipe extends through the curtain separating the tailentryfrom the tailentry corner. The methane accumulated in the corner will flow out through the pipe due to air pressure differentials. If the air pressure differential is too small, the drainage efficiency can be increased by installing a high-pressure water pipe or a compressed-air pipe alongside the steel pipe with nozzles at predetermined intervals connecting the two pipes.Fig 2 Method of draining methane accumulated at the tailentry corner if the methaneemission is medium high2. When the methane emission is larger than 176~212ft3/min(5-6m3/min), some special measures of methane drainage must be employed.If the coal seam has a high methane content, methane emission under high production by longwall mining will be very high. In such cases, it would be rather difficult and uneconomical to dilute the methane by increasing ventilation alone. Therefore, methane drainage must be considered. Methane drainage involves drilling boreholes into the solid coal, the roof and sometimes the floor. The methane contained in the coal or rock within a radius of up to 200ft(60m), depending on the permeability, will flow into the boreholes from which the methane is vacuum-pumped, viapipelines, to the surface.In the United states, the most common method for methane drainage in longwall mining is by surface boreholes. Before the retreat mining begins, one to three surface boreholes, depending on the panel length, are sunk along the centerline of the panel.Each borehole is sunk to a depth near the roof of the coal seam. The first borehole is usually located approximately 500ft（155m）from the panel setup room.Methane begins to emit from the borehole when the longwall face reaches to a few meters within the borehole. The initial methane flow rate is high but erratic. It becomes stabilized after nearly 60 days. It is not uncommon that using this method the total methane flow reaches 1,000,000ft3/day and the methane emission from the gob is reduced by more than 50%.Another gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel where methane emission of up to 3,000ft3/ min ( 85m3/min ) per ton of coal is liberated, is shown in Fig.3-in(10-cm) holes are drilled into the roof from the return entry at an angle of 60°for about 90 ft deep and at 75-90 ft ( 23-27m ) intervals. Bottom holes are also drilled at an angle to stay under and ahead of the faceline. All holes are fitted with 4-in (10-cm) pipe and packed. The methane is vacuum-pumped to the surface and released into the atomosphere. This method can also be applied to retreat longwall panels with multiple entries, except that the holes will have to be drilled from the second entry.3. Water Infusion Water infusion involves drilling in seam horizontal holes into the solid coal ahead of mining. High pressure water from 300 to 1,500 psi is injected into the boreholes. The high-pressure water moves away in a cylindrical water front. As the water moves away from the borehole, the methane is also driven away. In order to prevent water leakage and to increase the infusion zone, hole is generally either grouted or sealed with packers at 5 ft (1.5m) intervals. In general the infusion zone is approximate twice the length of the grouted portion of the hole. Therefore, with proper orientation and spacing of boreholes, the advancing water fronts can be merged to form a complete seal which in effect prevents the methane from being emitted into the coal face. In addition, water infusion tends to wet the coal before it is broken by the cutting machine. This is a very effective way of reducing the respirable dust level.Fig.2 Gob degasification method for advancing longwall panel Fig.3 A shows a longwall retreating panel using one hole for water infusion. The panel width is 500ft (152m). The infusion hole is 275 ft (84m) long. A plastic pipe 255 ft (78m) long is inserted into the hole, with the outer 225 ft (69m) grouted. This leaves a 50-ft (15-m) open section at the bottom of the hole for water infusion. With this arrangement the infusion zone can cover the whole face width. The infusion holes along the panel length direction should be spaced at less than 400 ft(122m) so that the infusion zones will merge to from a complete seal.Alternatively, two short holes, one from each side of the panel, can be drilled for water infusion in order to avoid the difficulties associated with long horizontal-hole drilling (Fig.4).。
安全工程专业英语UNIT 10
• 溶合法
There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized.
二、非限制性定语从句的译法 • 分译法 • 译成并列分句，重复先行词的含义 A force can be shown by a straight line, the length of which stands for the magnitude of the force.
• such+（名词）＋as或such as Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space resarch have to carry their own wupply of oxygen. • the same…as A color transmission contains the same information as a black and white transmission.
• Strange as it may seem, most fatal electrical shocks happen to people who should know better. • A person who has stopped breathing is not necessarily dead but is in immediate danger. • A danger tag has the same importance and purpose as a lock and is used alone only when a lock does not fit the disconnect device.
交通安全工程专业英语词汇
a m n d A l t hg s b i e o f r 交通安全工程专业英语词汇1 1 交通规则交通规则交通规则 traffic regulation traffic regulation 2 2 路标路标路标 guide post guide post 3 3 里程碑里程碑里程碑 milestone milestone 4 4 停车标志停车标志停车标志 mark car stop mark car stop 5 5 红绿灯红绿灯红绿灯 traffic light traffic light 6 6 自动红绿灯自动红绿灯自动红绿灯 automatic traffic signal light automatic traffic signal light 7 7 红灯红灯红灯 red light red light 8 8 绿灯绿灯绿灯 green light green light 9 9 黄灯黄灯黄灯 amber light amber light 10 10 交通岗交通岗交通岗 traffic post traffic post 11 11 岗亭岗亭岗亭 police box police box 12 12 交通警交通警交通警 traffic police traffic police 13 13 打手势打手势打手势 pantomime pantomime 14 14 单行线单行线单行线 single line single line 15 15 双白线双白线双白线 double white lines double white lines 16 16 双程线双程线dual carriage-way 17 17 斑马线斑马线斑马线 zebra stripes zebra stripes 18 18 划路线机划路线机划路线机 traffic line marker traffic line marker 19 19 交通干线交通干线交通干线 artery traffic artery traffic 20 20 车行道车行道车行道 carriage-way carriage-way 21 21 辅助车道辅助车道辅助车道 lane auxiliary lane auxiliary22 22 双车道双车道双车道 two-way traffic two-way traffic 23 23 自行车通行自行车通行自行车通行 cyclists only cyclists only 24 24 单行道单行道单行道 one way only one way only 25 25 窄路窄路窄路 narrow road narrow road 26 26 潮湿路滑潮湿路滑潮湿路滑 slippery when wet slippery when wet 27 27 陡坡陡坡陡坡 steep hill steep hill 28 28 不平整路不平整路不平整路 rough road rough road 29 29 弯路弯路弯路 curve road ; bend road curve road ; bend road 30 30 连续弯路连续弯路连续弯路 winding road winding road 31 31 之字路之字路之字路 double bend road double bend road 32 32 之字公路之字公路之字公路 switch back road switch back road 33 33 下坡危险下坡危险下坡危险 dangerous down grade dangerous down grade 34 34 道路交叉点道路交叉点道路交叉点 road junction road junction 35 35 十字路十字路十字路 cross road cross road 36 36 左转左转左转 turn left turn left 37 37 右转右转右转 turn right turn right 38 38 靠左靠左靠左 keep left keep left 39 39 靠右靠右靠右 keep right keep right 40 40 慢驶慢驶慢驶 slow slow 41 41 速度速度速度 speed speed 42 42 超速超速超速 excessive speed excessive speed 43 43 速度限制速度限制速度限制 speed limit speed limit44 44 恢复速度恢复速度恢复速度 resume speed resume speed 45 45 禁止通行禁止通行禁止通行 no through traffic no through traffic 46 46 此路不通此路不通此路不通 blocked blocked 47 47 不准驶入不准驶入不准驶入 no entry no entry 48 48 不准超越不准超越不准超越 keep in line ; no overhead keep in line ; no overhead 49 49 不准掉头不准掉头不准掉头 no turns no turns 50 50 让车道让车道让车道 passing bay passing bay 51 51 回路回路回路 loop loop 52 52 安全岛安全岛安全岛 safety island safety island 53 53 停车处停车处停车处 parking place parking place 54 54 停私人车停私人车停私人车 private car park private car park 55 55 只停公用车只停公用车只停公用车 public car only public car only 56 56 不准停车不准停车不准停车 restricted stop restricted stop 57 57 不准滞留不准滞留不准滞留 restricted waiting restricted waiting 58 58 临街停车临街停车临街停车 parking on-street parking on-street 59 59 街外停车街外停车街外停车 parking off-street parking off-street 60 60 街外卸车街外卸车街外卸车 loading off-street loading off-street 61 61 当心行人当心行人当心行人 caution pedestrian crossing caution pedestrian crossing 62 62 当心牲畜当心牲畜当心牲畜 caution animals caution animals 63 63 前面狭桥前面狭桥前面狭桥 narrow bridge ahead narrow bridge ahead 64 64 拱桥拱桥拱桥 hump bridge hump bridge 65 65 火车栅火车栅火车栅 level crossing level crossing66 66 修路修路修路 road works road works 67 67 医院医院医院 hospital hospital 68 68 儿童儿童儿童 children children 69 69 学校学校学校 school school 70 70 寂静地带寂静地带寂静地带 silent zone silent zone 71 71 非寂静地带非寂静地带非寂静地带 silent zone ends silent zone ends 72 72 交通管理交通管理交通管理 traffic control traffic control 73 73 人山人海人山人海人山人海 crowded conditions crowded conditions 74 74 拥挤的人拥挤的人拥挤的人 jam-packed with people jam-packed with people 75 75 交通拥挤交通拥挤交通拥挤 traffic jam traffic jam 76 76 水泄不通水泄不通水泄不通 overwhelm overwhelm 77 77 顺挤顺挤顺挤 extrusion direct extrusion direct 78 78 冲挤冲挤冲挤 extrusion impact extrusion impact 79 79 推挤推挤推挤 shoved shoved 80 80 挨身轻推挨身轻推挨身轻推 nudging nudging 81 81 让路让路让路 give way give way 82 82 粗心行人粗心行人粗心行人 careless pedestrian careless pedestrian 83 83 犯交通罪犯交通罪犯交通罪 committing traffic offences committing traffic offences 84 84 执照被记违章执照被记违章执照被记违章 endorsed on driving license endorsed on driving license 85 85 危险驾驶危险驾驶危险驾驶 dangerous driving dangerous driving 86 86 粗心驾车粗心驾车粗心驾车 careless driving careless driving 87 87 无教员而驾驶无教员而驾驶无教员而驾驶 driving without an instruct driving without an instruct or88 88 无证驾驶无证驾驶无证驾驶 driving without license driving without license 89 89 未经车主同意未经车主同意未经车主同意 without the owner's consent without the owner's consent 90 90 无第三方保险无第三方保险无第三方保险 without third-party insurance without third-party insurance 91 91 未挂学字牌未挂学字牌未挂学字牌 driving without a L plate driving without a L plate 92 92 安全第一安全第一安全第一 safety first safety first 93 93 轻微碰撞轻微碰撞轻微碰撞 slight impact slight impact 94 94 迎面相撞迎面相撞迎面相撞 head-on collision head-on collision 95 95 相撞相撞相撞 collided collided 96 96 连环撞连环撞连环撞 a chain collision a chain collision 97 97 撞车撞车撞车 crash crash 98 98 辗过辗过辗过 run over run over 99 99 肇事逃跑司机肇事逃跑司机肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver hit-run driver 100 100 冲上人行道冲上人行道冲上人行道 drive onto the pavemen drive onto the pavemen。
安全工程专业英语
PART 1 SAFETY ENGINEERING THEORIES第一部份安全工程理论1. Why do we need safety engineering?为什么我们需要安全工程专业？It’s difficult to open a newspaper or turn on the television and not be reminded how dangerous our world is. Both large-scale natural and man-made disasters seem to occur on an almost daily basis. An accident at a plant in Bhopal, India, killed over 2,500 people. A nuclear power plant in the Ukraine exploded and burned out of control, sending a radioactive cloud to over 20 countries, severely affecting its i mmediate neighbors’ livestock and farming.无论翻开报纸或打开电视都很难不被提醒到：世界是多么危险。
大范围的自然和人为灾难的发生似乎已成为每日的组成部分。
在印度Bhopal一工厂发生的事故，造成超过2500人的死亡。
乌克兰一核能工厂发生爆炸，燃烧无法控制，放射云蔓延超过20个国家，严重地影响了邻国的畜牧业。
A total of 6.7 million injuries and illnesses in the United States were reported by private industry in 1993. Two commuter trains in metropolitan Washington, DC, collided in 1996, killing numerous passengers. Large oil tankers ran aground in Alaska and Mexico, spilling millions of gallons of oil and despoiling the coastline. An automobile air-bag manufacturing plant exploded, killing one worker, after it had had over 21 fire emergencies in one year. Swarms of helicopters with television cameras were drawn to the plant after every call, creating a public relations nightmare and forcing the government to shut down the plant temporarily.1993年，在美国，据报道共有670万例受伤和疾病发生在私营行业。
交通安全工程专业英语词汇
交通安全工程专业英语词汇1 交通规则 traffic regulation2 路标 guide post3 里程碑 milestone4 停车标志 mark car stop5 红绿灯 traffic light6 自动红绿灯 automatic traffic signal light7 红灯 red light8 绿灯 green light9 黄灯 amber light10 交通岗 traffic post11 岗亭 police box12 交通警 traffic police13 打手势 pantomime14 单行线 single line15 双白线 double white lines16 双程线dual carriage-way17 斑马线 zebra stripes18 划路线机 traffic line marker19 交通干线 artery traffic20 车行道 carriage-way21 辅助车道 lane auxiliary22 双车道 two-way traffic23 自行车通行 cyclists only24 单行道 one way only25 窄路 narrow road26 潮湿路滑 slippery when wet27 陡坡 steep hill28 不平整路 rough road29 弯路 curve road ; bend road30 连续弯路 winding road31 之字路 double bend road32 之字公路 switch back road33 下坡危险 dangerous down grade34 道路交叉点 road junction35 十字路 cross road36 左转 turn left37 右转 turn right38 靠左 keep left39 靠右 keep right40 慢驶 slow41 速度 speed42 超速 excessive speed43 速度限制 speed limit44 恢复速度 resume speed45 禁止通行 no through traffic46 此路不通 blocked47 不准驶入 no entry48 不准超越 keep in line ; no overhead49 不准掉头 no turns50 让车道 passing bay51 回路 loop52 安全岛 safety island53 停车处 parking place54 停私人车 private car park55 只停公用车 public car only56 不准停车 restricted stop57 不准滞留 restricted waiting58 临街停车 parking on-street59 街外停车 parking off-street60 街外卸车 loading off-street61 当心行人 caution pedestrian crossing62 当心牲畜 caution animals63 前面狭桥 narrow bridge ahead64 拱桥 hump bridge65 火车栅 level crossing66 修路 road works67 医院 hospital68 儿童 children69 学校 school70 寂静地带 silent zone71 非寂静地带 silent zone ends72 交通管理 traffic control73 人山人海 crowded conditions74 拥挤的人 jam-packed with people75 交通拥挤 traffic jam76 水泄不通 overwhelm77 顺挤 extrusion direct78 冲挤 extrusion impact79 推挤 shoved80 挨身轻推 nudging81 让路 give way82 粗心行人 careless pedestrian83 犯交通罪 committing traffic offences84 执照被记违章 endorsed on driving license85 危险驾驶 dangerous driving86 粗心驾车 careless driving87 无教员而驾驶 driving without an instruct or88 无证驾驶 driving without license89 未经车主同意 without the owner's consent90 无第三方保险 without third-party insurance91 未挂学字牌 driving without a L plate92 安全第一 safety first93 轻微碰撞 slight impact94 迎面相撞 head-on collision95 相撞 collided96 连环撞 a chain collision97 撞车 crash98 辗过 run over99 肇事逃跑司机 hit-run driver100 冲上人行道 drive onto the pavemen。
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译
安全工程专业英语Unit1-9翻译安全工程专业英语Unit11. Because of the very rapid changes in these jobs and professions, it is hard for students to learn about future job opportunities. It is even more difficult to know about the type of preparation that is needed for aparticular profession-or the qualities and traits that might help individuals succeed in it.由于这些工作和职业的飞速变更，其变化之快使得学生们很难了解未来有什么样的工作机会，更不知道为未来的具体职业生涯做出怎样的准备，也就是说学生们很难知道掌握何种知识、具备何种能力才能成功适应未来的社会。
2. The purpose of this article is to provide in depth information about the safety profession that should help students considering a career in this challenging and rewarding field.这篇文章将提供较为深入的安全专业方面的具体信息，它应该能够为安全专业的学生们在这个充满挑战也蕴含着发展机遇的职业中获得良好的发展而提供帮助。
3. While these efforts became more sophisticated and widespread during the twentieth century, real progress on a wide front did not occur in the U.S. until after Word War Ⅱ.尽管这些专业手段在20世纪已经发展的较为成熟，也具有一定的广泛适应性，但在美国，这些都是第二次世界大战以后才取得的突破性进展。
安全工程专业英语词汇1-8
Unit One1.accident causation models 事故致因模型(理论)2.safety management 安全管理3.physical conditions 物质条件4.human errors 人为失误5.corporate culture 企业文化6.hazard control 危险控制7.safety committee 安全委员会8.hazard identification 危险识别Unit Two1.system safety engineering 安全系统工程2.system’s life cycle 系统生命周期3.system effectiveness 系统有效性4.potential accident 潜在的事故5.safety criteria 安全准则6.equipment specifications 设备说明书7.maintenance plans 维修计划8.accident prevention 事故预防9. system hazard 系统危害Unit Three1.ergonomics process 人机工程过程2.ergonomics committee 人机工程委员会3.human resource manager 人力资源管理4.sub-committee 委员会分支5.ergonomics awareness 人机工程意识6.chain of command 指挥链7.hit list 黑名单Unit Four1.hazard identification 危险识别2.ongoing process 正在进行的过程3.accident investigation 事故调查4.severity rate 严重事故率5.industrial accident 工业事故bor management committee 劳动管理委员会Unit Five1.OHSMS(occupational health and safetymanagement system) 职业健康安全管理体系2.regulatory system 监管体制3.specific objective 特殊目标4.feedback loop 反馈环路5.stem from 起源于，来自于6.regulatory framework 规章制度7.emergency planning 应急计划8.trace to 追溯到9.at the behest of 在···命令下Unit Six1.industrial hygiene 工业卫生2.physical hazard 物理危害3.non-ionizing radiation 非电离辐射4.adverse effects 相反的，副作用影响5.sound level meter 噪声计，声级表6.biological hazard 生物危害7.potable water 饮用水8.physical contact 身体接触9.allergic reaction 过敏反应Unit Seven1.accident investigation 事故调查2.safety culture 安全文化3.corporate culture 企业文化4.insurance carrier 保险公司，承保人5.permanent total disability 永久全部劳动力丧失6.accident prevention 事故预防7.investigative procedures 调查过程8.fact finding 寻找事实Unit Eight1.take a chance 抓住机会，冒险2.temporary staff 临时工，临时人员3.enter a contract 签订合同4.construction work 建筑工程5.safety hazard 安全隐患6.major hazard 重大的危险7. a glimpse of 瞥一眼，一瞥8.self-motivation 自我激励9.negative outcomes 负面结果10.hazard chemical 危险的化学品11.chemical hazards 化学危害。
安全工程专业英语词汇及翻译（司鹄版）
工作的时候都要确保电源保持断开或非连接状态（ P135）
Unit14 Hazardous chemical 危险化学品 physical hazard 物质危害 respiratory tract 呼吸道 diges ve tract 消化道 needle s ck针刺 sensi zer 致癌物质 hepatotoxins 肝脏毒素 nephrotoxins 肝毒素 neurotoxins 神经毒素 mucous membrane粘膜 safety hazard安全隐患 domino effect多米诺效 应 major hazard重大危险 ghter control加紧控制 storage and terminal港口转运油库码头
engine 喷气式发动机 me-weighted average时间加权平均 heat stress热应力、热威胁 shivering 颤抖 hard labor辛苦工作 fa gued 疲劳的 living ssue活组织 plas c sealer塑料密封机 biological hazard 生物危害 potable water饮用水 sewage 污水 physical contact身体接触 allergic reac on 过敏反应 severe pain剧烈疼痛 manual handing手工处理 airborne 空中的 on a daily basi每s 天 hazard communica on standard危害通识规定 s pula on 规定、条款 trade name商标名
工业卫生被定义为：“致力于预测、识别、评估和控制环境因素或压力的科学与技术，这些 压力产生或来自与工作场所，能够造成疾病、损害人们的幸福安康、或是工程或社区居民的 工作效率不高，并使他们感觉到很不舒服。（P67） 当噪音导致暂时或永久的听力丧失，使身体或精神发生紊乱，对语言交流产生干扰，或对工 作、休息、放松、睡觉产生干扰时，它是一种非常严重的危害。噪音是任何不被期望的声音，
安全工程专业英语
安全工程专业英语词组Safety Management System安全管理系统Accident-proneness Model事故倾向模型Accident Causation Model事故致因模型Organizational/Safety Culture组织/安全文化Quality and environmental management system质量和环境管理系统System Safety Engineering系统安全工程System Safety Program系统安全规划Hazard Analysis危险源分析Hazard Control危险源控制Hazard Identification危险源辨识Hazard Evaluation危险源评估The Ergonomics Process人机工程过程Chain of command行政管理系统Personal protective equipment(PPE)个人防护设备Safety Inspection安全检查Hazard reporting system危险源呈报系统Occupational health and safety management system职业健康安全管理体系Rational orgnisation theory理性组织理论Planning and review/accountability计划与评审/职责Industrial Hygiene工业卫生Physical Hazard物理危险源Biological Hazard生物危险源Ergonomic Hazard人体工程学危险源Chemical Hazard化学危险源Self-motivation自我激励Pavement Breaker混凝土路面破碎机Terrestrial Radiation地面辐射Accident Investigation事故调查Aground fault circuit interrupter接地故障断路器Artificial v entilation人工呼吸Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation心肺复苏法Safety device安全防护装置Declaration of Conformity符合性声明Confined Spaces狭小空间Manufacturing Industry制造业Rock Falls岩石冒落Phase transition相变Coal field煤田Mine Fire矿井火灾Spontaneous combustion自然发火Old working老采空区，老窑Smoke Explosion轰然说明:此内容不代表考试重点,请大家斟酌.考试时字母均为小写即可.翻译Translation1.One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented bySchein who has that organizational culture is"a pattern of basic assumptions--invented,discovered,or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with itsproblems of external adaptation and internal integration--that has worked wellenough to be considered valid and,therefore,to be taught to new members as thecorrect way to perceive,think,and feel in relation to those problems".对组织文化的一种全面的定义是由Schein提出的，他认为组织文化是“一种基本假设的模型——由特定群体在研究处理外部适应与内部聚合问题的过程中发明或发展出来的——由于运作效果好而被认可，并传授给组织新成员以作为理解、思考和感受相关问题的正确方式。
安全工程西方
1、Emergency ：US Concept…Emergency’A dangerous event that normally can be managed at the local level. Australian Concept。
An event, actual or imminent, which endangers or threatens to endanger life, property or the environment, and which requires a significant and coordinated response. Australian Concept。
An unplanned situation arising, through accident or error, in which people and/or property are exposed to potential danger from the hazards of dangerous goods. Such emergencies will normally arise from vehicle accident, spillage or leakage of material or from a fire.2、Disaster ： A dangerous event that causes significant human and economic loss and demands a crisis response beyond the scope of local and State resources.3、Incident：An occurrence or event, natural or human-caused, that requires an emergency response to protect life or property4、Emergency Management ：Emergency management is the managerial function charged with creating the framework within which communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.5、Incident Command System (ICS) ：It is a management system that want to combine a variety of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures and communications into a common organizational structure, achieving efficient management of emergencies6、Hazard ：A dangerous event or circumstance that has the potential to lead to an emergency or disaster.7、Risk ：the chance of a particular defined hazard actually occurring or the exposure of all or part of human society. the likelihood and consequences of a hazard (NZ)8、Vulnerability ：The degree of loss to a given element at risk or set of such elements resulting from the occurrence of a phenomenon of a given magnitude and expressed on a scale of 0 (no damage) to 1 (total loss)——FEMA9、Major Disaster10、Emergency Risk Management：A systematic process that produces a range of measures which contribute to the well-being of communities and the environment11、All-hazards approach12、Mitigation ：Taking sustained actions to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from hazards and their effects.13、Preparedness ：defined as the range of deliberate, critical tasks and activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the operational capability to prevent, protect against, respond to, and recover from domestic14、Response：Conducting emergency operations to save lives and property by taking action to reduce the hazard to acceptable levels (or eliminate it entirely); evacuating potential victims; providing food, water, shelter, and medical care to those in need; and restoring critical public services. 2003FEMA15、Recovery ：Rebuilding communities so that individuals, businesses, and governments can function on their own, return to normal life, and protect against future hazards.16、FEMA：Federal Emergency Managemant Agency17、EMA：18、ICS：Incident Command System19、NIMS ：National Incident Management System20、EPR ：Emergency Preparedness and Response21、DHS ：Department of Homeland Security二、简答题类<1>、公共安全管理的开端及其特征•公共安全管理是以政府设立专门的相关管理机构，或者对原有的政府机构中明确公共安全管理责任为开端的。
安全工程专业英语公开课获奖课件
第9页
五、常用句型
Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化时，其温度保持不变。
An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia.
Safety management 安全管理学 Safety principle 安全学原理
第5页
/10/10
第6页e paid to the working temperature
of the machine. 应当注意机器工作温度。 而很少说：
显然，润滑好轴承，比不润滑轴承轻易转动。 It seems that these two branches of science are mutually
dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是互相依存，互相作用。
第8页
常用句型
It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.
第2页
专业词汇
safety checklist analysis，SCA
SCL 安全检查表
安全检查
表分析
Safety cost effectiveness 安全经济效
益
Safety check assessment 安全考核
Safety reliability 安全可靠性
safety production target system
长句构造复杂，明白其意思并进行对旳翻译关键是 看清晰其句子主干部分，即弄清主语谓语，先去其 枝叶，最终再加上去掉枝叶，就能很轻松地完毕翻 译任务，通过练习慢慢就能做到熟能生巧、举一反 三。
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• such+（名词）＋as或such as Such liquid fuel rockets as are now being used for space resarch have to carry their own wupply of oxygen. • the same…as A color transmission contains the same information as a black and white transmission.
• 分译法 A floating object displaces an amount of water whose weight equals that of the object. Gasoline is a fuel whose vapor is readily explosive. • 译成并列分句，省略先行词 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat.
安全术语
电 击 保护装置 事故预防 人工呼吸 工伤事故 工伤赔偿
翻译技巧（九） 定语从句及同位语从句的译法（I）
一、限制性定语从句的译法 • 合译法 A molecule may be considered as the smallest particle of matter that can exist without changing its nature.
• Strange as it may seem, most fatal electrical shocks happen to people who should know better. • A person who has stopped breathing is not necessarily dead but is in immediate danger. • A danger tag has the same importance and purpose as a lock and is used alone only when a lock does not fit the disconnect device.
• 译成并列分句，省略先行词
This type of meter is called a multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.
• 译成独立句 Nevertheless the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computation were accurate.
UNIT TEN
SAFETY ELECTRICITY
句子分析
• A groundfault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is an electrical device which protects personnel by detecting potentially hazardous ground faults and quickly disconnecting power from the circuit.
• 溶合法
There are some metals which possess the and the ability to be magnetized.
二、非限制性定语从句的译法 • 分译法 • 译成并列分句，重复先行词的含义 A force can be shown by a straight line, the length of which stands for the magnitude of the force.
• 合泽法 Transistors, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small.