抽象与具体译法
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他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。 Their optimism moved us greatly.
会上，两方发生争执，一方拂袖而去。 The two parties fell into fierce dispute. At last one party got up abruptly and walked off in a huff.
静谧的小巷里想起了清脆的自行车铃声。 The crisp jangling of the bicycle rises from the
quite alley.
2020/1/18
Байду номын сангаас
C-t-E Translation
18
他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
5
抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词 组或成语进行抽象概括，如：
开门见山→come straight to the point 狗急跳墙→do something desperate
另一方面，抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化 名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法，主要是在翻译 过程中去掉后面的范畴词，如：
•我们都来自五湖四海。 •We are from all corners of the country.
•不知黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。 •Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
8
具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象 的成分用具体的成分表达出来，从而消除或 降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产 生与原文同样的效果。
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
3
在不违反译语规范和不影响读者理解的前提下， 尽量保留原有形象，稍加变通，增加一些简单的说 明性文字。
当下磕头如捣蒜，只求饶命。 Kowtow as quickly as a pestle pounding garlic, he begged that his life be spared.
同反复无常的人没法相处。 It’s hard to get along with a man blowing hot
and cold.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
20
他这个人只管自己的事。 He is a man who hoes his own potatoes.
hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
19
我们决不能姑息坏人。 We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.
我不想依靠父母过日子。 I don’t want to hang on my parents sleeves.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
2
同一形象表达相同的涵义，可直译. 树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是瞌睡 人的眼。 Through the branches are a couple of lamps, as listless as sleepy eyes.
若喻义不同，只好放弃原文形象，只译其喻义. 我不贪图下海挣大钱，只想毕业后在中学里找个铁 饭碗。 I don’t want to earn good money by engaging myself in trade, I just want to find upon graduation a secured job in a middle school.
我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的 东西。
I am not sure whether I can win the honor; It’s a bird in the bush.
你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。 Don’t count your chickens before they are
From Concrete to Abstract or Vice Versa
具体和抽象译法
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
1
抽象性词语、形象性词语
形象与抽象是两个相互对立、相互依存的概念，翻译 时，既可保留其原有个性，也可使其相互转化。一般 说来，表范畴的抽象词无须译出。
•1) 他善于做信访工作。 •He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the mass. •2) 他已完成了这项工作。 •He has finished the job.
eg：蒸发作用，傲慢态度，转换过程
3.抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。
eg：非常胆小→胆小如鼠
姑息坏人→warm snakes in our bosoms
分清好坏→separate sheep from goats
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
10
快乐的人 微不足道的小人物 棘手的事 脾气不好的人 勤奋卖力的人
他知道不论境遇如何，都可以把家庭作为靠山。 He knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.
评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和情感之间的这种分歧如何 解释呢？
How do we account for the split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart.
才有了一点进步,他就翘兔子尾巴了。 With some progress, he became cocky.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
15
1992年后，一些西方国家失业现象严重。 After 1992, there has been serious
unemployment in some Western countries.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
14
你告不赢他的,县里当官的和他同穿一条裤子 You won’t win the lawsuit against him. Officials in the county are hand in glove with him.
他的话把我打入闷葫芦(calabash)里了 His words threw me into bewilderment.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
17
在整个项目中，他不仅无用，甚至还成为了累赘。 He is a white elephant in the whole project.
刹车声刺激了大家的神经。 The screeching of the brakes got on our nerves.
him great comfort.
我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.
他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 He waited for her arrival with a frenzied
agitation.
你真是说话不看对象。 You are really casting pearls before swine.
这个男孩真粗心，他的书都已经折角了。 This boy is too careless; all his books are dog-
eared.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
A jolly dog A small potato Hot potatoes A surly dog A work horse
More examples:
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
11
具体—抽象
想起年轻时的一些事情，他心里感到甚是欣慰。 It was the memories of his youth that gave
谦虚态度→modesty 发展过程→development 无知的表现→innocence
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
6
徇私作风 观光场所 走私活动 纸醉金迷 赤胆忠心 粗枝大叶 单枪匹马
favoritism Tourist attraction Smuggling
黑暗中一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。 He was half dead with a black figure in the
darkness.
他拜倒在了她的石榴裙下。 He worshipped her on his knees.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
16
抽象—具体 区分好人和坏人并不是一件容易的事。 It is not easy to separate the sheep from the goats.
Of life of luxury and dissipation Ardent loyalty Be crude and careless Be single-handed in doing sth
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
7
•只要你嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，一辈子享受不 尽。 •If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
4
抽象译法就是把具体的或比较具体的名词用 抽象或比较抽象的名词来翻译。
汉语中的名词倾向于具体，常常用实的形式 表示虚的概念，以具体的形象表达抽象的内 容；而抽象名词的大量使用是现代英语的一 个特点。
Rudolf Flesch：Chinese is concrete, clear and picturesque while English is abstract, obscure and long-winded.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
12
那一刻，我感到她的颤抖，第一次明白她也有脆弱的一面。 At that moment I felt her back racked with emotion.
For the first time I understood her vulnerability.
具体和抽象的翻译并没有固定的规则或规律， 但能在很大程度上使译文生动多彩，更具有 可读性。
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
9
具体译法主要包括三种类型：
1.语义上具体化。
eg：运输→运输工具。班级→全班学生
2.抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法，主要是 在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。
目前，公司的经营情况已有所好转。 At present ,the business in our company is turning for
the better.
科学化、民主化的决策是实行民主集中制的重要环节。 Scientific and democratic decision-making is essential
to democratic centralism.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
13
会谈中,双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。 During the talks, their discussion has been centered round protection of intellectual property rights.
会上，两方发生争执，一方拂袖而去。 The two parties fell into fierce dispute. At last one party got up abruptly and walked off in a huff.
静谧的小巷里想起了清脆的自行车铃声。 The crisp jangling of the bicycle rises from the
quite alley.
2020/1/18
Байду номын сангаас
C-t-E Translation
18
他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。 He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
5
抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词 组或成语进行抽象概括，如：
开门见山→come straight to the point 狗急跳墙→do something desperate
另一方面，抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化 名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法，主要是在翻译 过程中去掉后面的范畴词，如：
•我们都来自五湖四海。 •We are from all corners of the country.
•不知黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。 •Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
8
具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象 的成分用具体的成分表达出来，从而消除或 降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产 生与原文同样的效果。
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
3
在不违反译语规范和不影响读者理解的前提下， 尽量保留原有形象，稍加变通，增加一些简单的说 明性文字。
当下磕头如捣蒜，只求饶命。 Kowtow as quickly as a pestle pounding garlic, he begged that his life be spared.
同反复无常的人没法相处。 It’s hard to get along with a man blowing hot
and cold.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
20
他这个人只管自己的事。 He is a man who hoes his own potatoes.
hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
19
我们决不能姑息坏人。 We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.
我不想依靠父母过日子。 I don’t want to hang on my parents sleeves.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
2
同一形象表达相同的涵义，可直译. 树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光，没精打采的，是瞌睡 人的眼。 Through the branches are a couple of lamps, as listless as sleepy eyes.
若喻义不同，只好放弃原文形象，只译其喻义. 我不贪图下海挣大钱，只想毕业后在中学里找个铁 饭碗。 I don’t want to earn good money by engaging myself in trade, I just want to find upon graduation a secured job in a middle school.
我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的 东西。
I am not sure whether I can win the honor; It’s a bird in the bush.
你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。 Don’t count your chickens before they are
From Concrete to Abstract or Vice Versa
具体和抽象译法
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
1
抽象性词语、形象性词语
形象与抽象是两个相互对立、相互依存的概念，翻译 时，既可保留其原有个性，也可使其相互转化。一般 说来，表范畴的抽象词无须译出。
•1) 他善于做信访工作。 •He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the mass. •2) 他已完成了这项工作。 •He has finished the job.
eg：蒸发作用，傲慢态度，转换过程
3.抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。
eg：非常胆小→胆小如鼠
姑息坏人→warm snakes in our bosoms
分清好坏→separate sheep from goats
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
10
快乐的人 微不足道的小人物 棘手的事 脾气不好的人 勤奋卖力的人
他知道不论境遇如何，都可以把家庭作为靠山。 He knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.
评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和情感之间的这种分歧如何 解释呢？
How do we account for the split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart.
才有了一点进步,他就翘兔子尾巴了。 With some progress, he became cocky.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
15
1992年后，一些西方国家失业现象严重。 After 1992, there has been serious
unemployment in some Western countries.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
14
你告不赢他的,县里当官的和他同穿一条裤子 You won’t win the lawsuit against him. Officials in the county are hand in glove with him.
他的话把我打入闷葫芦(calabash)里了 His words threw me into bewilderment.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
17
在整个项目中，他不仅无用，甚至还成为了累赘。 He is a white elephant in the whole project.
刹车声刺激了大家的神经。 The screeching of the brakes got on our nerves.
him great comfort.
我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。 I knew I would encounter extremes of weather.
他等着她来，急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。 He waited for her arrival with a frenzied
agitation.
你真是说话不看对象。 You are really casting pearls before swine.
这个男孩真粗心，他的书都已经折角了。 This boy is too careless; all his books are dog-
eared.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
A jolly dog A small potato Hot potatoes A surly dog A work horse
More examples:
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
11
具体—抽象
想起年轻时的一些事情，他心里感到甚是欣慰。 It was the memories of his youth that gave
谦虚态度→modesty 发展过程→development 无知的表现→innocence
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
6
徇私作风 观光场所 走私活动 纸醉金迷 赤胆忠心 粗枝大叶 单枪匹马
favoritism Tourist attraction Smuggling
黑暗中一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。 He was half dead with a black figure in the
darkness.
他拜倒在了她的石榴裙下。 He worshipped her on his knees.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
16
抽象—具体 区分好人和坏人并不是一件容易的事。 It is not easy to separate the sheep from the goats.
Of life of luxury and dissipation Ardent loyalty Be crude and careless Be single-handed in doing sth
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
7
•只要你嫁给我，鸡鸭鱼肉，绫罗绸缎，一辈子享受不 尽。 •If you are willing to marry me, you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
4
抽象译法就是把具体的或比较具体的名词用 抽象或比较抽象的名词来翻译。
汉语中的名词倾向于具体，常常用实的形式 表示虚的概念，以具体的形象表达抽象的内 容；而抽象名词的大量使用是现代英语的一 个特点。
Rudolf Flesch：Chinese is concrete, clear and picturesque while English is abstract, obscure and long-winded.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
12
那一刻，我感到她的颤抖，第一次明白她也有脆弱的一面。 At that moment I felt her back racked with emotion.
For the first time I understood her vulnerability.
具体和抽象的翻译并没有固定的规则或规律， 但能在很大程度上使译文生动多彩，更具有 可读性。
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
9
具体译法主要包括三种类型：
1.语义上具体化。
eg：运输→运输工具。班级→全班学生
2.抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法，主要是 在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。
目前，公司的经营情况已有所好转。 At present ,the business in our company is turning for
the better.
科学化、民主化的决策是实行民主集中制的重要环节。 Scientific and democratic decision-making is essential
to democratic centralism.
2020/1/18
C-t-E Translation
13
会谈中,双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。 During the talks, their discussion has been centered round protection of intellectual property rights.