马来西亚 【英文】

Overview (cont.)
• Population growth rate is relatively higher (1.73%), infant-mortality rate is 16 per 1000 live births • Ethnicity is an important element in Malaysia’s development • Malays constitute 50%, Overseas Chinese 24%, Indians 7%
Overview (cont.)
• Under the 22-year leadership of the Prime Minister Mahathir (1981-2003), Malaysia reduced its dependence on raw material exports • Malaysia diversified into manufacturing service sector and tourism • Malaysia’s population is 25.7 million, working age population being 63.6%
Development Model (cont.)
• Government has made deliberate efforts in National Economic Policy (NEP) and in National Development Plan (NDP) to improve the lot of Bhumiputras (Indigenous Malays) • Foreign firms and domestic businesses are encouraged to form partnerships with Bhumiputras • Low levels of income and educational achievement combined with lack of entrepreneurial skills of Bhumiputras has hampered economic growth
Development Model
• Role of state is very important in Malaysia’s economic growth • Per Capita Income of Malaysia is $15,000. Growth rates have been uneven. During 1980-1990, growthrates averaged at around 8%. However, recently, Malaysia is growing at around 6% • Gini Index of 46.1 is among the highest in South East Asia
Development Model (cont.)
• Maห้องสมุดไป่ตู้aysia attracts significant amount of foreign direct investment in its manufacturing sector ($92 billion) • External debt stands at $54 billion • ‚Growth vs Equity‛ has remained an important trade off in Malaysia’s economic development
Overview (cont.)
• Malaysia is primarily a Muslim country 60.4%, Buddhist 19%, Christians 9% and Hindu 6.3% • Government expenditures on Education are high 6.2% of GDP • Government represents ‘Constitutional Monarchy’. United Malay National Organization has played an important role country’s economic development
Country Study: Malaysia
Overview
• In 1948, the British-ruled colonies on Malay Peninsula
formed a Federation of Malaya, which became independent in 1952 • Malaysia was formed in 1963 when Singapore and Eastern states of Malaysia joined the Federation • In 1965, Singapore was forced to leave the Federation
Development Model (cont.)
• Malaysia’s agriculture sector contributes 13% to the GDP • Manufacturing sector has grown in the areas of medical technology, Pharmaceuticals, and computer parts • Spill over effects of Singapore’s growth • Malaysia’s major exports are rubber, palm oil, logging, electronics, and petroleum products
Development Model (cont.)