八年级英语下册Unit 6教案6

新目标英语八年级下第六单元学案

学习目标

1.掌握词汇：collect, shell, marathon, pair, skate, since, Hilltop School, a pair of.

2. 在听力练习中使学生掌握并运用句型：(1)How long have you been skating? I’ve been skating for five hours. (2)How long has she been skating? She’s been skating since nine o’clock.

3. 初步了解现在完成时态的构成“have/has + been + v-ing”及用法、标志词。

4. 区别“for”与“since”以及“How long have you been skating?”与“ How long did you skate?”。

二、预习检测

A. 写出下列动词的-ing形式。

1.collect

2.skate

e

4. swim

5.run

B. 预习P44&45，翻译下列单词和短语。

收集______贝壳__________一双溜冰鞋__________多久滑冰马拉松___________

六个小时自从我七岁时

三、学习步骤

Step 1 Discuss these questions in 1a.

Step 2 Listening and finish 1b，then ask answer in pairs.

Step 3 Listening and finish 2a&2b.

Step 4 Pairwork 2c.

四、知识梳理

1. ---How long have you been skating? 你滑多长时间了？

---I’ve been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时了。

（1）这是一个现在完成进行时的句子，现在完成进行时通常要和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示在这段时间内，该动作一直在进行。其结构为“have/has been +v.-ing+表时间段的状语”。

（2）for five hours表示“五个小时”，介词for后跟时间段，表达某动作已延续多久了，故该动作应用延续性动词。（在肯定句中）。（3）how long意为“多久”，在此句中，用以提问时间的长短，除此之外还可以提问物体的长度。how long 用以提问“（时间）有多久”，其答语必为延续性动词。how long 针对动作提问的，即句中的动词必为延续性动词，因为只有延续性动词才能延续一段时间，成为表状态的形容词或介词短语。例如：---How long has Elizabeth been a nurse? ---- __________

A Since 1992 B. Seventeen years ago. C. In 1992

2.---I’ve been skating since I was seven years old.

【用法】此处的since用作连词，后面跟时间点，可以和完成时连用。意为“自……以来”，其从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时，表达主句的动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，本句的主句为现在完成进行时。

【辨析】since与for。Since除可作连词、引导时间状语从句外，还可做介词，意为“自从……,自……以来”，其后接具体的某一过去时间，不能与一段时间，表达某一动作延续的时间有多长；既可用于现在完成时、现在完成进行时中，也可用于一般现在时，一般将来时及一般过去时中。Jack has studied Chinese in this school ___the year of 2000. A. since B. for C. in

五、课堂检测

A. 用for或since填空,并翻译句子。

1. They have been working ten hours.

2. Kate has been studying 8:00 pm.

3. The old man has been living in the old house 1990.

4. She has been studying English she was five.

5. The twins have been waiting for you an hour ago.

B. 选择题

（）1. Uncle Wang ______ since he came to the company.

A. has been working

B. have been working

C. worked

D. work

（）2. They have been swimming since they ______5. A. is B.

was C. has D. were

（）3. Mr. Li ___ ___swimming for 3 hours, and his son __ __an hour ago.

A. has been, started

B. has been, has started

C. started, has started （）4. ---__ __ has this food store been here? --- Since 2001. A. How long B. How often C. How old

D. How soon