(完整版)北京四中高考英语专题9定语从句(学生版)

定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。

2018年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。考点1：关系代词一览表

关系词先行词从句

成分

例句备注

关系代词who人主语

Do you know the man who is talking

with your mother?

whom, which

和that在从

句中做宾语

时，常可以省

略，但介词提

前时后面关

系代词不能

省略，也不可

以用that whom 人宾语

Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am

working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the

war.

whose 人，物定语

I like those books whose topics are about

history.

The boy whose father works abroad is

my desk mate.

考向预测

考点定位

专题九定语从句

that 人，物主语

宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see

very much.

which 物主语

宾语

The book (which) I gave you was worth

$10.

The picture which was about the

accident was terrible.

as 人，物主语

宾语

He is such a person as is respected by all

of us.

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

as做宾语一

般不省略

关系副词when 时间

时间

状语

I will never forget the day when we met

there.

可用on

which where 地点

地点

状语

This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因

原因

状语

I can’t imagine the reason why he turned

down my offer.

可用for

which

【典例】

In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which

B. its

C. whose

D. whom

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the World Food Programme在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，所以用关系代词whose引导，故选C项。句意：1963年，联合国成立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。

【典例】

China Today attracts a worldwide readership,_______ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。根据句式结构来看出现了逗号，说明这是一个非限制性定语从句。首先that 不能引导非限制性定语从句，who在引导非限制性定语从句的时候通常在从句中做主语和宾语，指人，而whom 也指人，却只能做宾语。Which引导非限制性定语从句通常在从句中做主语或者宾语。关系词代指前面的中国日报，在定语从句中做主语。该句意思为：中国日报有着全球的读者群，这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中

国。故选D

考点2：that与which，who，whom的用法区别

that和which的用法区别:

在定语从句中，关系代词which和that都可指物，一般情况下，可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意：A.只能用that而不能用which的情形

（1）当先行词为：all, little, few, much, none,及some-, any-, no-, every-,与thing所组成的复合单词时，只能用that。如：

There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有事情会阻止我们进步。

（2）当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时，只能用that。如：This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们不能解决的唯一的一个问题。

(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能用that。如：

This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。

(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时，只能用that。如：

Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.

人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。

(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：

This is a book that I have been looking for since last week. 这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。

（6）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如：

Which is the picture that you drew yesterday? 你昨天画的那张画是哪一张？

B．只能用which而不能用that的情形

（1）当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时，只能用which。如：

The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing. 那个铅笔盒，我上周买的，现在不见了。

（2）关系代词前面有介词时，只能用which。如：

The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down. 我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。

(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时，只能用which。如：

I don’t take that which is too expensive. 我不要太贵的那一个。

who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解:

在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：

一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形

(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：

My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就