主谓一致

主谓一致

第十八章

句子整体结构的重点问题(一)

——主谓一致

主谓一致指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数等方面应保持一致。英语中主谓一致的具体应用比较复杂，高考试卷中主谓一致的基本情况可以以下述三条原则为主线进行系统地把握。

考点92：主谓一致的原则一：语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指句子的主语和谓语在语法形式上一致，即通常情况下，谓语动词的单复数形式依主语的单复数形式而定，主语为单数形式时谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式时谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：He is reading an English book. 他在看一本英语书。

可以通过下面的主谓一致一般搭配总表把握语法一致原则：

人称与数

具体例词

be的现在式

be的过去式

do的现在式

have的现在式

一般将来时

过去将来时

一般现在时中实义动词作谓语

第一人称单数

Iam wasdohaveshallshould动词原形

第一人称复数

weare weredohaveshallshould动词原形

第二人称单或复数

you are weredohavewillwould动词原形

第三人称单数

He, she, it, 单数名词

is wasdoes haswillwould动词原形+-s词尾

第三人称复数

they及复数名词

are weredohavewillwould动词原形

掌握主谓一致考点中的语法一致原则，要注意两个特殊问题：

(1)主语前、后加修饰语时的主谓一致问题。主语的修饰语对主语和谓语之间的关系一般不起影响，尤其在主语后接as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than, except, but, including, besides, in addition to, added to, like, rather than, more than, no less than等插入语时，谓语仍须与主语本身保持一致。例如：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两位同学一起被邀请参加了晚会。// A woman with Mary is coming to the hospital. 一个妇女跟同玛丽正向医院走来。// Nobody, except his most intimate friends, knows of it. 除了他最要好的朋友外，没人知道这件事。

(2)以“and”或“both... and... ”连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题。当主语是由“and”或“both... and...”连接的并列结构时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个”人或事物(常以and后的名词前没有冠词为标志)，谓语动词需用单数形式。例如：What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致。// The worker and writer has come. 这位工人作家来了。// A needle and thread was found on the floor. 在地板上找到了针线(穿了线的针)。// Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略。

注意：对于由and连接的并列主语，前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时，谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：Each boy and each girl was congratulated. 每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。// Every hour and every minute is important. 每时每刻都是重要的。// Many a boy and many a girl has seen this painting. 许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。// No man and no animal is to be found on the moon. 在月球上没发现人和动物。// No teacher and no student is admitted. 师生一律不得入内。

［考题1］We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ____ so small that a day is unimportant. (2007湖南)

A. is

B. are

C. has been

D. have been

［答案］ A

［解析］决定下划线处谓语动词单、复数形式的主语应是the time，其后面定语“of days and weeks”包含的复数名词对谓语动词的形式不构成影响。

［考题2］The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. (2006辽宁)

A. is going

B. go

C. goes

D. are going

［答案］ C

［解析］下划线处与单数形式的主语the father搭配，不受as well as his three children的影响，因此应排除选项B、D。根据状语“every Sunday afternoon in winter”提供的信息，下划线处应该用一般现在时表示与现在相关的经常性活动，因此应进一步排除A而选出C。

［考题3］Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (2005上海)

A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working

［答案］ C

［解析］谓语动词的单复数形式由主语Professor Smith决定，不受插入语along with his assistants的影响。

［考题4］The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ____ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. (2004北京)

A. was

B. were

C. had been

D. would be

［答案］ A

［解析］谓语动词的单复数形式由主语the teacher决定，不受插入语with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class的影响，根据本题语境应采用过去进行时表示地震发生时教师正在游览博物馆，所以本题只能填入was。

［考题5］A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift. (1990)

A. is offered

B. has offered

C. are offered

D. have offered

［答案］ A

［解析］要表示被动的“被赠与”的动作应采用“be＋过去分词”的形式，又因为谓语动词的单复数形式由主语a library决定，不受作为定语的修饰成分with five thousand books的影响，所以本题只能填入is offered。

［考题6］A poet and artist ____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

［答案］ A