初中英语语法讲解与练习【名词】
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初中英语语法讲解与练习【名词】
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
情况构成方法读音例词
一般情况加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读/z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加-es 读/iz/
bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等结尾加-s 读/iz/
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es 读/z/ baby---babies
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
▲1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys
holiday---holidays
2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如:photo---photos
piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。
b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes (各种)鱼。
1.4不同国籍人的单复数
国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数
中国人the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人the Americans an American two Americans
印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人the Swedish a Swede two Swedes
【练习题】
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange
2、class
3、monkey
4、piano
5、child
6、shelf
7、bed
8、country
9、family 10、toy 11、foot 12、radio 13、photo 14、tomato 15、woman 16、knife 17、sheep 18、ship 19、dish 20、mouse 21、tooth
22、leaf______
二、选择填空
( )1.I can see three ________ in the zoo.
A monkeys
B monkeyes
C monkey
( )2.The pig has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. foots
( )3.My two brothers are both ______.
A. policeman
B. policemans
C. policemen
( )4.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig
( )5.The _____ has three______.
A. boys, watches
B. boy, watch
C. boy, watches
( )6.Can you see _______on the plate? A. bread B. breads C. breades
( )7.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.
A. tooth
B. tooths
C. teeth
( )8.Mr Black often drink some _________.A. milk B.
milks kes
( )9.There are some _____on the floor. A. child B. water C. books
( )10..Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.
A. photo
B. photos
C. photoes
( )11. I drank two ______.
A. bottles of water
B. bottle of water
C. bottles of waters
( )12.The cat eats two _____last night.
A. mouses
B. mice
C. mouse
( )13.I need a pen and some _____. A. books B. desk C. chair
( )14、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.