呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述
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AURI Ｐhysical examination
Congestion of pharyngeal portion, antiadoncus
(咽部充血，扁桃体肿大)
Lymphadenectasis in submaxilla
(有时下颌、淋巴结肿大)
Rash when enterovirus infection
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
❖In pediatric outpatient, 6o% patients are acute respiratory infections.
❖In pediatric ward, 25% patients are Pneumonia. ❖The first cause of children’s death in China is Pneumonia. ❖Pneumonia is the world's leading cause of death among children. It kills nearly two million children under age five every year.
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory type
Respiratory type of abdomen Respiratory type of chest abdomen
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Examine Method
Ｐhysical examination inspection
Change of respiratory rate Cyanopathy Three concave sign
Ａuscultation
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
急性上呼吸道感染
（AURI）
Acute Upper Respiratory Infection
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Treatment
Ribovirin
Antivirus drugs
3-5 days
Oseltamivir
Antibiotics
Penicillin SMZ
3-5 days
Sever symptomatic;
Secondary bacteria affection
➢The children’s respiratory lumens are narrow, blood flow is abundant.
➢The children’s repertory ability is low. ➢The children’s local immunity is low.
(肠道病毒感染时可出现皮疹)
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Clinical Manifestations
Special AURI
Herpangina 疱疹性咽峡
炎
➢ 柯萨奇病毒A组感染 ➢ 夏秋好发 ➢ 高热、咽痛、流涎 ➢ 咽腭弓、软腭处有疱疹
疱疹破溃后可形成溃疡 ➢ 病程 1 周左右
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
?
Why children are so susceptible to acute respiratory infections
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
anatomic physiological features
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Treatment
Defervesce
Drugs Physics methods
Febril convulsion
Calm Stop convulsion Defervesce
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Children Resห้องสมุดไป่ตู้iratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory rate
Neonate <1year 2-3years 4-7years 8-14years
40-44/min 30/min 24/min 22/min 20/min
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
呼吸系统疾病
Respiratory System Disease
湘雅医院儿科 郑湘榕
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
重点
婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点 支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点 支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗 支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗
Introduce
Etiology
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Ｖirus： Ｏccupy 90% Ｂacteria： Ｓecondary
Streptococus pyogens Pneumococcu Ｈaemophilus influenzae
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Manifestations
Special AURI
Pharyngoconjunctival
fever 咽结合膜热
➢ 腺病毒 3，7 型所致 ➢ 春夏发病，可小流行 ➢ 发热、咽炎、结合膜炎 ➢ 咽部充血、结合膜充血，颈部、 耳后淋巴结肿大 ➢ 病程 1~2 周
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Common AURI
Local symptom is mild
In infant and toddler
Systemic symptom is severe Complications are common
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Common Clinical Manifestations
Complications
Infant , toddler
Tympanitis, sinusitis Abscess of pharynx posterior-wall Laryngitis, bronchitis Pneumonia
School age
Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
Congestion of pharyngeal portion, antiadoncus
(咽部充血，扁桃体肿大)
Lymphadenectasis in submaxilla
(有时下颌、淋巴结肿大)
Rash when enterovirus infection
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
❖In pediatric outpatient, 6o% patients are acute respiratory infections.
❖In pediatric ward, 25% patients are Pneumonia. ❖The first cause of children’s death in China is Pneumonia. ❖Pneumonia is the world's leading cause of death among children. It kills nearly two million children under age five every year.
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory type
Respiratory type of abdomen Respiratory type of chest abdomen
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Examine Method
Ｐhysical examination inspection
Change of respiratory rate Cyanopathy Three concave sign
Ａuscultation
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
急性上呼吸道感染
（AURI）
Acute Upper Respiratory Infection
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Treatment
Ribovirin
Antivirus drugs
3-5 days
Oseltamivir
Antibiotics
Penicillin SMZ
3-5 days
Sever symptomatic;
Secondary bacteria affection
➢The children’s respiratory lumens are narrow, blood flow is abundant.
➢The children’s repertory ability is low. ➢The children’s local immunity is low.
(肠道病毒感染时可出现皮疹)
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Clinical Manifestations
Special AURI
Herpangina 疱疹性咽峡
炎
➢ 柯萨奇病毒A组感染 ➢ 夏秋好发 ➢ 高热、咽痛、流涎 ➢ 咽腭弓、软腭处有疱疹
疱疹破溃后可形成溃疡 ➢ 病程 1 周左右
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
?
Why children are so susceptible to acute respiratory infections
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
anatomic physiological features
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Treatment
Defervesce
Drugs Physics methods
Febril convulsion
Calm Stop convulsion Defervesce
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Children Resห้องสมุดไป่ตู้iratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory rate
Neonate <1year 2-3years 4-7years 8-14years
40-44/min 30/min 24/min 22/min 20/min
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
呼吸系统疾病
Respiratory System Disease
湘雅医院儿科 郑湘榕
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
重点
婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点 支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点 支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗 支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗
Introduce
Etiology
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Ｖirus： Ｏccupy 90% Ｂacteria： Ｓecondary
Streptococus pyogens Pneumococcu Ｈaemophilus influenzae
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Manifestations
Special AURI
Pharyngoconjunctival
fever 咽结合膜热
➢ 腺病毒 3，7 型所致 ➢ 春夏发病，可小流行 ➢ 发热、咽炎、结合膜炎 ➢ 咽部充血、结合膜充血，颈部、 耳后淋巴结肿大 ➢ 病程 1~2 周
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Common AURI
Local symptom is mild
In infant and toddler
Systemic symptom is severe Complications are common
资料仅供参考,不当之处，请联系改正。
Common Clinical Manifestations
Complications
Infant , toddler
Tympanitis, sinusitis Abscess of pharynx posterior-wall Laryngitis, bronchitis Pneumonia
School age
Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever