大学有机化学课件03_14_15
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Fused Ring adjacent atoms common to two rings two rings share a common side
Bridged Ring nonadjacent atoms common to two rings
Number of Rings
equals minimum number of bond disconnections required to give a noncyclic species
Oxygen-containing Heterocycles
O
Ethylene oxide
O
Tetrahydrofuran
O O
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Tetrahydropyran
Nitrogen-containing Heterocycles
N H
Pyrrolidine
NH
Piperidine
Sulfur-containing Heterocycles
3.14 Polycyclic Ring Systems
contain more than one ring bicyclic tricyclic
tetracyclic etc
Types of Ring Systems
spirocyclic fused ring bridged ring
Spirocyclic one atom common to two rings
Lipoic acid
SS
O CH2CH2CH2CH2COH
Lenthionine
SS SS
S
Monocyclic requires one bond disconnection
Bicyclic requires two bond disconnections
Bridged Bicyclic requires two bond disconnections
Steroids carbon skeleton is tetracyclic
3.15 Heterocyclic Compounds
Heterocyclic Compound
a cyclic compound that contains an atom other than carbon in the ring (such atoms are called heteroatoms) typical heteroatoms are N, O, and S