高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练(答案)--低碳生活与全球变暖

2013高考英语二轮阅读理解讲与练（答案）--低碳生活与全球变暖（1）
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NEW ZEALAND WEATHER CHART
Temperatures and Rainfall for Summer and Winter
1. The maximum temperature in Wellington in winter is about_________.
A. 12℃
B. 14℃
C. 15℃
D. 19℃
答案：A 指导：图表左边的纵坐标表示气温，右边的纵坐标表示降雨量，
四个城市Auckland，Welington，Christchurch和Queenstown夏季和
冬季的最低气温、最高气温分别在两个图表中用□■从左到右依次表示。

从右边图表可看出：表示Wellington冬天最高气温的■顶点在靠近
10℃～15℃的中间位置偏下，即大约12℃．
2. The city whose temperature varies (变化) from about 4℃to 11'C in winter is_______.
A. Auckland
B. Wellington
C. Christchurch
D. Queenstown
答案：C 指导：从右表看，表示Christchurch最低气温口的顶点不到5℃。

表示最高气温■顶点超过10℃．
3. The cities whose rainfall varies LEAST from summer to winter are_______.
A. Queenstown and Auckland
B. Auckland and Wellington
C. Wellington and Christchurch
D. Christchurch and Queenstown
答案：D 指导：通过左、右两图表中各城市冬、夏两季降雨量的差别的比较可知：C城和Q 城冬、夏两季降雨量的差别最小，即变化最小，故选D.
4. From summer to winter the greatest difference between the
maximum and minimum temperature is experienced in_______.
A. Auckland
B. Wellington
C. Christchurch
D. Queenstown
答案：D 指导：从左、右两图表看：Q城夏季最高气温超过20℃，而冬季最低气温近10℃左右，是四个城市中差别最大的。

5. Which of the following is true? The temperature is_______.
A. lower in Auckland than Wellington in stmmer
B. higher in Wellington than Christchurch in winter
C. lower in Christchurch than Queenstown in winter
D. higher in Queenstown than Auckland in summer
答案：B 指导：从所提供的四个选项中，只有B项符合图表所示：即冬季Wellington的气温比Christchurch高(见图)。

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践低碳生活，要注意节电、节气、熄灯一小时……从这些点滴做起。

从近近几年的试题中，我们发现这些话题的题目有一些特点：
1. 多数属于议论题材，作者提出观点，然后进行论证，引起人们的共鸣。

2. 有很多也属于新闻报道类，体现当今社会、政府对低炭排放政策的关注。

3. 温室效应带来的地球变暖话题。

4. 二氧化碳的高排放量对人类环境造成的危害话题。

5. 低炭生活的表现的方面，和为此进行的一些改进措施、发明等等。

6.提倡全社会都来进行低炭生活的倡导文章。

·链接高考
链接1 . （2012四川卷）
Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted (预测) in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global waning is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide (CO,) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
"Predicting species' reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology," said the researchers of several U. S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and
experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
"Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance —for both leafing and flowering —that results from temperature increases," the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved lo belter predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用) to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0. 8^ since 1900, and nearly 0.2X. every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2.C this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
57. W hat is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A. Plants' reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.
B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists' expectation.
C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
58. W e can learn from the study published on the Nature website that______ .
A. plants' flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B. there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C. scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
59. _____________________________________________ Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because ___________________ .
A. they can prove the climate change clearly
B. they are very important in the food chains
C. they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D. they are growing and flowering much faster than before
60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world's temperature?
A. It has risen nearly 0.2C since 1979
B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C. It is 0.8C higher in 1979 than that of 1900.
D. It needs to be controlled within in this century.
leading to现在分词做结果状语，和句子主语a point逻辑上构成主谓关系。

链接2. （2012浙江卷）
Easter(复活节) is still a great day for worship, randy in baskets and running around the yard finding eggs, but every year it gets quite a bit worse for bunnies.
And no, not because the kids like to pull their ears. The culprit is climate change, and some researchers found that rising temperatures arc having harmful effects on at least five species of rabbit in the US.
Take the Lower Keys March rabbit, for instance. An endangered species that lives in the Lower Florida Keys, this species of cottontail is a great swimmer — it lives on the islands! —but it is already severely affected by development and now by rising levels. According to the Center for Biological Diversity, an ocean level rise of only 0. 6 meters will send these guys jumping to higher ground and a 0.9-meter rise would wipe out their habitat (栖息地) completely.
The snowshoe hare, on the other hand, has a color issue. Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）. As the number of days
with snow decreases all across the country, however, more and more bunnies arc being left in white fur during brown dirt days of both fall and spring, making them an easier mark for predators. Researchers know that the color change is controlled by the number of hours of sunlight, but whether the rabbit will be able to adapt quick enough to survive is a big question. The National Wildlife Federation has reported that hunters have noticed their numbers are already markedly down
American pikas or rock rabbits, a relative of rabbits and hares, might be the firs' of these species to go extinct due to climate change. About 7-8 inches long, pikas live high in the cool, damp mountains west of the Rocky Mountains. As global temperatures rise, they would naturally migrate (迁徙) to higher ground — but they already occupy the mountaintops. They can't go any higher. The National Wildlife Federation reports that they might not be able to stand the new temperatures as their habitat beats up.
The volcano rabbit has the same problem. These rabbits live on the slopes of volcanoes in Mexico, and recent studies have shown that the lower range of their habitat has already shifted upward about 700 meters, but there are not suitable plants for them to move higher, so they are stuck in the middle. Scientists are concerned about their populations.
Native to the US, pygmy rabbits weigh less than 1 pound and live in the American West. They are believed to be the smallest rabbits in the world. Their habitats have been destroyed by development. Several populations, such as the Columbia Basin pygmy, almost went extinct and were saved by zoo breeding programs. Pygmy rabbits also rely on winter cover by digging tunnels through the snow to escape predators, but lesser snowfall is leaving them exposed.
All of this gives new meaning to dressing up in a giant bunny costume this Easter.
41 The writer mentions Easter at the beginning of the passage in order to_______.
A. show the importance of Easter Day
B. introduce the issue about bunnies
C. remind people of Easter traditions
D. discuss the relationship between Easter and bunnies
42. The word "culprit" ( Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to______.
A. criminal
B. judge
C. victim
D. producer
43. According to the passage, some rabbits can now be easily Uncovered by predators because they_______
A. are exposed lo more skillful hunters
B. have moved to habitats with fewer plants
C. haven't adapted themselves to climate change
D. can't change their fur color into white in the fall and the spring
44, The problem faced by volcano rabbets and rock rabbits is that________.
A. both are affected by 1ess snow
B. both are affected by rising sea levels
C neither can find enough food 0. neither can migrate to higher places
45 Which best describes the writer's tone in the postage?
A. Approving.
B. Concerned.
C. Enthusiastic.
D. Doubtful.
【长难句解析】Most of these rabbits change their fur color from white in the wintertime to brown in the summer, each designed to give them better cover from predators（捕食者）。

大多数这种兔子会把冬天时的白色皮毛变成夏季的棕色，每一种颜色的变化是为了让他们更好地避免捕食者的发现。

Designed是非谓语，与其逻辑主语each构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。

此外由于each和句子主语most of these rabbits不是同一事物，因此这种非谓语结构在语法上被称之为独立主格结构。