推理判断和词义猜测

report An ad A guide book Journal
Magazine
A booklet 小册子 A website/ a blog
wwk.baidu.comere
Textbook
…
TV/Radio programe
技巧:
解答此类题, 关键是要善 于捕捉有关数字的信息, 然后 在透彻理解原文的字面意义和 题意的基础上, 运用自己的数 学知识,对其进行分析、推算, 从而得出正确的结论。
Learning aims:
1. To learn some reading strategies. 2. To improve the accuracy of the reading tasks. 3. To master some words to describe opinions and attitudes.
1. 主旨大意
阅 读 理 解 题 型
2. 细节理解 3. 猜测词义 4.推理判断
近四年全国I卷阅读题目设计一览
题目类型 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
事实细节 推理判断
词义猜测 主旨大意
6 8
0 1
5 8
2 0
10 4
1 0
8
5 1 1
6
6 2 1
忠于原文，只推一步
For example: You study very well. A.You study very well. （已知信息） B. You may be very clever.（一次推测） C. Your father is also very clever.
… Instead, he has established the Buffet Foundation, with a detailed plan on how to invest his money more wisely to society. What do you think the author will write about If the passage continues? A.How Buffet Foundation was established by Buffet B. To write his contribution to the society C. How he will deal with his money wisely to society D.How people think highly of Buffet
1. Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. (2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example of…to show that _____. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. C. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.
技巧点拨:
（1）针对细节推断
查读细节理论依据
分析评价 推理判断
(2) 针对主题思想
以主题为核心
Tips: 抓住中心词， 忠于原文， 不要选择表层信息
分析逻辑关系
借助常识
根据文章体裁推断写作目的
1.故事类
2.广告类
to entertain readers
to persuade readers
3.科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社 会类应用文 to inform readers 4.议论文 to state a point
词义猜测题策略 例7构词法
例6 同词 复现 例1常识
例2反义
method
例3对比
例5非限解 释说明
例4举例
高考阅读理解干扰项设计的常见类型：
1. 张冠李戴：命题人把文章作者的观点 与他人的观点混在一起 2. 以偏概全，扩缩范围 3. 无中生有，主观臆断，推己及人 4. 浮于表面
（二次推测）
忠于原文，只推一步
We can infer from the picture that___
A. He is wearing the glasses. B. He is wearing a shirt. C. He may be short –sighted. D. He is 1000 degrees of myopia (近视1000度）
Summary：
在推理判断时要牢记以下几点：
1.严格按照阅读材料中所提供的信息进行 推理，千万不要掺杂 自己的主观想法或经 验;如果某选项所表达的内容与自己的经 验相吻合，文中却没有涉及,那它属于主观 臆断的结论，不是正确答案;
2.如果某选项中的内容是阅读材料的简单 重复，就不是推论，也不是正确答案;
掌握表达观点态度的词汇 (1) objective (2) subjective (3) positive (4)negative (5)optimistic (6)pessimistic (7)approving /favorable /appreciative admiring (8)disapproving/ unfavorable (9)ironic /critical (10)satisfied (11) enthusiastic (12)indifferent (13) neutral(14) cautious (15) hateful (16) uncertain /doubtful /sceptical (17)sympathetic (18) ambiguous
4.如果某个选项表达的内容虽在文中提到， 但很片面或很不完整，也不是正确答案;
5.文中的虚拟语气和情态动词(should, must, may, etc.)往往能流露出作者的弦外 之音，这有助于我们确定正确答案;
6.某些过渡词(例如：however, but, on the contrary, what’s more)后面所表达的内容 往往能反映作者的观点和态度。