阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析

二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
目录
CONTENTS
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猜测词义题方法之上下文内在逻辑 关系（下）
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猜测词义题方法之构词法、熟词生 意、生活常识、不明身份指代

3. Cause and effect（因果法）
在句子或段落中，我们可以根据两个事物或现象之间的因果关系去 推测生词词义。这些因果关系常常借助连接词，如：because，as， since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等表示出来， 当然更多情况下，这种因果关系是隐藏在内容里，需要考生通过理 解上下文的逻辑来理清关系的。
阅读中猜测词义题的解题策略分析-1
目录
CONTENTS
1 猜测词义题概述
2 猜测词义题种类和设问方式
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猜测词义题方法之上下文内在 逻辑关系（上）
01 猜测词义题概述
猜词题概述
➢ 意义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中的常见题型，主要考查学生 利用上下文语境提示来猜测一个单词或短语，代词或一个句子 的意义的能力，在一定程度上还考察学生的逻辑推断能力，是 阅读能力的一个重要组成部分。
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
Q: What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A. A dessert. B. A drink. C. A container. D. A machine.
解题分析：本题虽然没有出现明显的提示词，但通过分析句意可以 看出第二句话是对一句话的解释。其中，第一句中的“feed in the juicer frozen bananas” 和第二句中的“feeding frozen bananas into the top of the machine”是互相解释的。 据此可 以猜出 “juicer”应该是一种机器，正确答案是D。
(1). (2016全国卷 II.B) Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail, one would declare, “But I am just not creative.”
(1). (2018全国卷 II.B) If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries of sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
(1). (2019全国卷 I.B)
But he is nervous. “I am here to tell you today why you should… should…” Chris trips on the “ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “… Vote for … me…” Except for some stumbles Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
2. Synonyms and antonyms
（同义词或类比、反义词或对比转折关系）
(2). (2015新课标全国卷 I.C)
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
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猜测词义题方法之 上下文内在逻辑关系
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
很多文章中，特别是科技文章，生词的词义可能会在下文中得到解 释或说明。这些解释有时以定义、定语从句、同位语形式出现；有 时用破折号、冒号等符号引出；还有时用that is，or，that is to say，in other words 等词语引出；甚至也可能隐藏在下一句中， 没有任何提示词，需要读者自己去发现逻辑关系。 例如：
A. escape B. ruin C. liberation D. evolution
解题分析：首先，“sadly”一词提示我们鸽子数量大对它们来说也 许是不好的事情。第二句话相当于对第一句话的具体阐释。 abundance 换成了abundant, undoing应该对应了killed them by the thousands. 所以，我们大致可以推测出undoing的意思可能是 毁灭或消失的原因, 正确答案是B。
D. silly jokes.
解题分析：句中隐含着对比转折“except for”关系，根据句意 “除了“some stumbles” 之外，Chris的演讲非常棒”可以看出， “stumble”应该是个包含消极意义的词，同时考虑到前面提到的 Chris的发音问题和单词之间的省略号可知，这里应该是指讲话时出 现的不恰当的或过长的停顿， 故此，正确答案应该是A.
➢ 高考英语阅读理解语篇中不可避免地会含有一定的生词量，有 时候即便不是真正意义上的生词，而是该词在新语境下的另一 个意义，也会给学生的理解造成困难。考生在考试中碰到一些 不认识的单词或熟词生意是正常现象，大可不必惊惶失措，也 不要因为纠结某个词的含义而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。 正确的做法是：通过语境和上下文联系，再结合正确的意义猜 测方法和技巧，快速而准确地猜测出生词的词义或该词在新语 境下的意义。
2. Synonyms and antonyms
（同义词或类比、反义词或对比转折关系）
有些文章会通过同义词（表类比关系的连接词 similarly, like, just as, also等）或者反义词(表示对比转折的逻辑连接词on the other hand，however，although，yet，but，unlike，while，not) 等提醒读者，表明作者要使用一个与生词具有相同或相反意义的词 语，如果捕捉到这样的信息，那么猜词义就变得简单了。例如：
Q: What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. 解题分析：句中隐含着类比关系，“with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum”对应的是 “The fine selection of major works was done in close collaboration with Nacional Reina Sofia”。所以，contributions 对应的是major works. 故此，正确 答案应该是A.
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猜测词义题种类 和设问方式
一、猜词题种类
➢ 高考英语阅读理解中的意义猜测题重点考查学生对句子中关键性词语（实词、 短语、指代关系，熟词生意等）的理解，尤其是利用所在句子的上下文语境 （前后句子，语段甚至是整篇文章）和逻辑关系来进行推理判断意义的能力。 常见的意义猜测题目类型有：
➢ 1. 对考纲外生词的猜测 （2019北京）What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 mean? ➢ 2. 对考纲内熟词生意的猜测 （2018北京）What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 mean? ➢ 3. 对代词所指内容的猜测 （2017 全国I卷）What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to? ➢ 4. 对句意的猜测 （2017全国II卷）What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
2. Synonyms and antonyms
（同义词或类比、反义词或对比转折关系）
Q：What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. improper pauses
B. Bad manners
C. Spelling mistakes
3. Cause and effect（因果法）
Q：What does the underlined word “downside” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty D. Burden.