地理坐标系与地图投影1PPT课件
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A stone tablet found in a cave in Abauntz in the Navarra region of
northern Spain is believed to contain the earliest known
representation of a landscape.
large-scale map depicts a smaller area
The less “zoomed in” the map is on an area, the smaller is its scale.
Small-scale map depicts a larger area
Map Projections
Azimuthal projections: maps that maintain direction but distort other properties.
Equidistant projections: maps that maintain distance but distort other properties.
That scale might be written as 1 inch = 10 miles.
Sometimes, scale is indicated as a fraction.
“1/10 miles” or “1:10 miles” means 1 inch on the map equals 10 miles in the real world.
Mercator Projection
Cylindrical map projection Useful for navigation because it maintains accurate
direction Famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses
at the poles appear oversized
Mercator Projection
Peters Projection
Cylindrical map projection Attempts to retain all the accurate sizes of all the world’s
THIS IS THE TRICKY PART
Counterintuitive part of mapping: “LARGE” OR “SMALL” scale.
The more “zoomed in” the map is on an area, the larger is its map scale.
Geograpຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduers use numerous mathematical equations to produce map projections.
All flat maps have some distortion in their representation of:
Distance Shape Area Or direction.
Types of Projections
Equal-area (or equivalent) projections: maps that maintain area but distort other properties.
Conformal (or orthomorphic) projections: maps that maintain shape but distort other properties (it is impossible to have a projection that is both conformal and equal area).
landmasses Sometimes used as a political statement- that we should
refocus our attention to the tropics, home to large landmasses and many of the world’s poorest countries.
Earth is
ROUND!
So?
Transforming something spherical into something flat means that the 2-D image will never exactly represent what is visible in three-dimensions.
Map Projections and Types
Cartography
The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design.
Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.
Maps
Visual representation of the earth’s surface or the phenomenon (any observable occurrence) that occur on the earth’s surface.
Map Scale
The degree to which a map “zooms in” on the area it is representing.
Scale tells you what extent the portion of the earth represented on the map has been reduced from its original size to fit on the map.
For example, 1 inch on a map may equal 10 miles in the real world.
northern Spain is believed to contain the earliest known
representation of a landscape.
large-scale map depicts a smaller area
The less “zoomed in” the map is on an area, the smaller is its scale.
Small-scale map depicts a larger area
Map Projections
Azimuthal projections: maps that maintain direction but distort other properties.
Equidistant projections: maps that maintain distance but distort other properties.
That scale might be written as 1 inch = 10 miles.
Sometimes, scale is indicated as a fraction.
“1/10 miles” or “1:10 miles” means 1 inch on the map equals 10 miles in the real world.
Mercator Projection
Cylindrical map projection Useful for navigation because it maintains accurate
direction Famous for their distortion in area that makes landmasses
at the poles appear oversized
Mercator Projection
Peters Projection
Cylindrical map projection Attempts to retain all the accurate sizes of all the world’s
THIS IS THE TRICKY PART
Counterintuitive part of mapping: “LARGE” OR “SMALL” scale.
The more “zoomed in” the map is on an area, the larger is its map scale.
Geograpຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduers use numerous mathematical equations to produce map projections.
All flat maps have some distortion in their representation of:
Distance Shape Area Or direction.
Types of Projections
Equal-area (or equivalent) projections: maps that maintain area but distort other properties.
Conformal (or orthomorphic) projections: maps that maintain shape but distort other properties (it is impossible to have a projection that is both conformal and equal area).
landmasses Sometimes used as a political statement- that we should
refocus our attention to the tropics, home to large landmasses and many of the world’s poorest countries.
Earth is
ROUND!
So?
Transforming something spherical into something flat means that the 2-D image will never exactly represent what is visible in three-dimensions.
Map Projections and Types
Cartography
The art and science of making maps, including data compilation, layout, and design.
Also concerned with the interpretation of mapped patterns.
Maps
Visual representation of the earth’s surface or the phenomenon (any observable occurrence) that occur on the earth’s surface.
Map Scale
The degree to which a map “zooms in” on the area it is representing.
Scale tells you what extent the portion of the earth represented on the map has been reduced from its original size to fit on the map.
For example, 1 inch on a map may equal 10 miles in the real world.