英语翻译chapter 3

Chapter 3 Lexical Translation:

Abstraction & Specification

1. Introduction

No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work.

Any discourtesy shown to Chinese persons by any official of the Government will be the cause for immediate dismissal.

人民都拥戴他/支持他。

她是一个冰雪聪明的女孩。

One’s own past may become a gradually increasing weight.

曲曲折折的荷塘上面，弥望的是田田的叶子。

Every life has its roses and thorns .

别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！

⑴要用英语和外国人交流，你还得提高你的口语水平。

⑵那我们谈谈文艺问题。

⑶那谈谈对目前文艺形式的感想，好吗？

3.1 The Features of the Chinese and the English languages:

3.2 Abstract into Concrete

EC Translation

A. Abstract nouns

A firm’s involvement in exporting products can range from a minimal commitment all the way to considering exports as necessary for the firm’s survival and growth.

The financing of the sale often involves bills of exchange and documentary credits.

There is more to their life than political and social and economic problems; more than transient everydayness. Advertisers must realize that people usually are motivated by the goal of satisfying some combination of two or more needs, and the needs may be both conscious and unconscious.

B. Abstract adverbs

No wonder the multinationals have been growing fantastically and now dominate many sections of the international market.

C. Abstract adjectives

Multinational corporations have become so dominant in some foreign markets that they are now object of political and economic scrutiny.

Because some hand gestures and body movements are acceptable in one culture yet deeply offensive in another culture, they are rarely an appropriate communications aid in international negotiations.

Throughout the past two decades, GATT (the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) has been increasingly preoccupied with the trading problems and needs of the developing countries, which account for more than two-thirds of its membership.

3.3 Concrete into Abstract:

暴力事件混乱状态

发展活动准确性

耐心态度过敏反应

傲慢态度解决方法

隔离政策不公正的现象

主要观光旅游场所波士顿的知识界人士

1) 逻辑引申

Our unique concept was a response to buyer needs, bringing greater reliability, higher-quality output, exceptional user-friendliness and operational ease.

You remind me very much of Lenin, whom I met in this very building fifty-two years ago.

The emergence of the peoples of the third world and their struggle for identity will lead to the flowering(开花，兴旺，繁荣) of diverse concepts of life in the future.

2) 语用引申

The new father wore a proud smile.

He started to his feet with the intention of awaking the sleepers, for there was no time to lose.

Clever heads than mine might have seen his drift（动向，趋势）

But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf, she would turn aggressive and try to tear me to pieces.

3）修辞引申

See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the next for weeks was never distinct.

Last night an uninvited guest turned up to make five for bridge. I had the kind of paper book at hand to make being the fifth at bridge a joy.