英文合同翻译常见词注解(中)

英文合同翻译常见词注解（中）
十一. notwithstanding
释义: in spite of （prep.）尽管；nevertheless （adv.）仍然
用法: 法律文件常用词，比although正式。

语法: 作介词用时，放在要引导的让步状语前
例1：
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations, when a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing fails to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis, the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments, under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages.
注释：
（1）Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 91 of these Regulations：虽有本细则第九十一条的规定
（2）a business establishment in charge of consolidated tax filing：负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构
（3）fail to compute the taxable income of different business establishments appropriately on a separate basis：不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额
（4）the local tax authorities may make reasonable apportionment of the taxable income among these business establishments：当地税务机关可以对应税所得在各营业机构之间合理分配
（5）under their respective proportion of business income, costs and expenses, assets, the number of staff and workers, or the amount of wages：按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例
参考译文：
虽有本细则第九十一条的规定，负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额时，当地税务机关可以对应税所得总额，按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例，在各营业机构之间合理分配。

例2：
If, notwithstanding Sub-Clause , any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site due to the transport of materials or plant, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of the matter in question, with a copy to the Employer, as soon as he becomes aware of such damage or as soon as he receives any claim from the authority entitled to make such claim.
注释：
（1） notwithstanding Sub-Clause ：尽管有款的规定
（2）any damage occurs to any bridge or road communicating with or on the routes to the site：对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害
（3）due to the transport of materials or plant：因运输材料或设备
（4）the authority entitled to make such claim：有权提出此类索赔的机构
参考译文：
尽管有款的规定，但如果发生因运输材料或设备而对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害时，承包人在得知此类
损害之后，或者收到有权提出此类索赔的机构的任何索赔要求之后，应立即通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交给业主。

例3：
The Engineer shall, from time to time, have authority to issue instructions on the following matters that: 1) any works shall, in the opinion of the Engineer, be removed and re-executed, notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor, because the following items fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract:
(i) the materials, Plant or workmanship, or
(ii) the design by the Contractor or for which he is responsible.
注释：
（1）have authority to issue instructions on the following matters：有权对下列事项发出指示
（2）in the opinion of the Engineer：工程师认为
（3）any works shall be removed and re-executed：任何工程均应拆除并重新施工
（4）notwithstanding any previous test thereof or interim payment therefor：尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款
（5）fail to meet the requirements and provisions of the Contract：不符合合同规定
参考译文：工程师有权随时对下列事项发出指示：1）尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款，但对工程师认为任何工程因以下各项不符合合同规定的，均应拆除并重新施工：（1）材料、工程设备或工艺；或（2）由承包人设计或承包人对其负有责任的设计。

例4：
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract, if the Contractor intends to claim any additional payment pursuant to any Clause of these Conditions or other provisions, the Contractor in question shall, within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen, notify the Engineer of his intention, with a copy to the Employer.
注释：
（1）notwithstanding any other provision of the Contract：尽管本合同有其它规定
（2）intend to claim any additional payment：打算索取任何追加付款
（3）within 28 days after the event giving rise to the claim has first arisen：在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内
（4）notify the Engineer of his intention：将其索赔意向通知工程师
参考译文：
尽管本合同有其它规定，如果承包人根据本合同的任何条款或其他有关规定打算索取任何追加付款的话，他都应在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内，将其索赔意向通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交业主。

例5：
The Works shall be measured net, notwithstanding any general or local custom, except where otherwise provided for in the contract.
注释：
（1）the Works shall be measured net：工程计量应该计量净值（2）notwithstanding any general or local custom：无论通常的和当地的习惯如何 any general or local custom：通常的和当地的习惯
参考译文：
无论通常的和当地的习惯如何，工程计量应该计量净值，但合同另有规定的除外。

例6：
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract, no payment certificates shall be issued by the Engineer until the performance security is submitted by the Contractor under the Contract and approved by the Employer.
注释：
（1）notwithstanding the provisions of this Clause or any other Clause of the Contract：尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定（2）payment certificate：支付款证书
（3）the performance security：履约保证
参考译文：
尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定，在承包人提交履约保证并经业主批准之前，工程师不对任何支付款额开具证书。

例7：
Notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate, the Contractor and the Employer shall remain liable for the
fulfillment of any outstanding obligation incurred under the provisions of the Contract when the Defects Liability Certificate is issued. To determine the nature and extent of the obligations in question, the Contract shall be deemed to remain in force and be binding upon the parties thereto.
注释：
（1）notwithstanding the issue of the Defects Liability Certificate：尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书 the defects liability certificate：缺陷责任证书
（2）any outstanding obligation：尚未履行的义务
（3）to determine the nature and extent of the obligations in question：为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围
参考译文：
尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书，但承包人和业主仍应对在缺陷责任证书颁发时尚未履行的义务承担责任。

为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围，合同应被认为对合同双方仍然有效。

例8：
Notwithstanding IB , the Owner reserves the right to accept or reject any Bid, and to annul the bidding process and to reject
all Bids, at any time prior to the award of the Contract, without thereby incurring any liability to the affected Bidder or Bidders or any obligation to inform the affected Bidder or Bidders of grounds for its action.
注释：
（1）notwithstanding IB ：尽管有款的规定 IB：Instructions to Bidders 投标者须知。

注：IB不能译成“对投标者的指示”，因为在投标阶段，业主与投标人之间没有合同关系，即上下级关系。

合同成立后，投标人成为承包人，那么可以就“对承包人的指示”，这里只能译成“投标者须知”。

（2）Bid：投标（书）
（3）to annul：put an end to 废除，废止
（4）award of Contract：授予合同
（5）thereby：by that means；by doing or saying that 由此，因此，是以
（6）affected Bidder：受影响的投标人
（7）grounds for its action：行为的根据（或原因）
参考译文：
尽管有款的规定，业主在授予合同前，有保留授受或拒绝任何投标、废除投标程序、拒绝所有投标的权利，而且不承担由此而对投标人造
成的不利条件的责任，同是也不承担通知受影响的投标人有关业主作出这一决定的原因的义务。

十二. shall
释义: 应该，必须
用法: 在合同等法律文件中，表示强制性承担法律或合同义务。

有时可用will，但力度比shall弱。

这时决不能用“must”或“should”。

should在法律文件里往往用作“if”，只表示“如果”之意。

例1
The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the Chairman be absent, the vice-Chairman shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting.注释：
（1）The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman.：董事会会议应由董事长召集并主持 the board meeting：董事会会议 preside over：主持
（2）the vice-Chairman：副董事长
参考译文：
董事会会议应由董事长召集并主持；如董事长缺席时，原则上，应由副董事长召集主持。

例2
The Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company shall terminate upon the expiration of the joint venture term.
注释：
（1）the Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Company：中外合作经营公司
（2）the expiration of the joint venture term：合作期满时
参考译文：
中外合作经营公司应于合作期满时终止。

例3
The term of the Company shall be 5 years commencing from the date of issuance of the Company’s business license.
注释：
（1）the term of the Company：公司的期限
（2）the date of issuance of the Company’s business license：公司营业执照签发之日
参考译文：公司的期限为5年，自公司营业执照签发之日计算。

例4
This Contract and the appendices hereto shall come into force from the date of approval by the examination and approval authorities.
注释：
（1）the appendices hereto：the appendices to this Contract 本合同附件
（2）shall come into force：应生效
参考译文：本合同及其附件须经审批机构批准，应自批准之日生效。

例5
Any amendment to this Contract or to its appendices shall come into force after the written agreement is concluded and signed by the Parties hereto and approved by the original examination and approval authorities.
注释：
（1）any amendment to this Contract or to its appendices：本合同及其附件的任何修改
（2）the original examination and approval authorities：审批机构
参考译文：
本合同及其附件的任何修改，必须经双方签署书面合同文件，并报原审批机构批准后才能生效。

例6
This Company shall be a Chinese legal person. All activities hereof shall be governed and protected by the Laws and relevant rules and regulations of People’s Republic of China.
注释：
（1）a Chinese legal person：中国法人
（2）shall be governed and protected by the Laws and relevant rules and regulations of People’s Republic of China：应受中华人民共和国法律和法规的管辖和保护
参考译文：
本公司应为中国法人。

公司的一切活动应受中华人民共和国法律和法规的管辖和保护。

例7
The production and business scope of the Company shall be as follows: to manufacture, sell and develop cooperatively produced products and other relevant products.
注释：
（1）the production and business scope of the Company：公司的生产及经营范围
（2）to manufacture, sell and develop cooperatively produced products：制造、销售和开发合作产品
（3）relevant products：相关产品，配套产品
参考译文：
公司的生产及经营范围是制造、销售和开发合作产品及其相关或配套产品。

例8
The first Board meeting shall be convened within one month after the issuance of the Company’s business license.
注释：
（1）be convened within one month：一个月内召开
（2）the issuance of the Company’s business license：公司营业执照的签发
参考译文：
第一次董事会应在公司营业执照的签发后一个月内召开。

例9
The date of issuance of the business license of the Company shall be the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors of the Company.
注释：
（1）the date of the establishment of the Board of Directors of the Company：公司董事会成立之日
参考译文：
公司营业执照签发之日应为公司董事会成立之日。

例10
The documents on the major issues of the Company, including but not limited to, the management plan, the monthly report, quarterly report and annual report, shall be signed jointly by the General Manager and the Deputy General Manager, then the documents shall come into effect.
注释：
（1）the documents on the major issues of the Company：公司的重要文件
（2）the management plan：管理计划
（3）the monthly report：月度报告
（4）quarterly report：季度报告
（5）annual report：年度报告
（6）shall be signed jointly by the General Manager and the Deputy General Manager：应由总经理和副总经理会签
参考译文：
公司的重要文件，包括，但不限于管理计划、月度、季度及年度报告，须经总经理和副总经理会签方为有效。

十三 unless otherwise
释义: 除非
用法: 比“if not”和“otherwise”表达正式，由两个同义词“unless”和“otherwise”组成。

语法：一般后面紧跟动词，表示“除非另……”，比如表示“除非合同另有规定”，可以说“unless otherwise specified in the Contract”；又如表示“除非信用证另有规定”，可以说“unless otherwise specified in the Letter of Credit”。

例1
These articles shall apply to all documentary credits, including standby letters of credit, to the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable, and shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract, unless otherwise expressly agreed by the Parties thereto.
注释：
（1）these articles：本条文
（2）apply to：适用
（3）the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable：其适用范围内（指该信用证适用范围内）
（4）shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract：对合同各有关方面均具有约束力
参考译文：
本条文适用于一切跟单信用证，并包括在其适用范围内的备用信用证，除非另有约定，对合同各有关方面均具有约束力。

例2
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept a document bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the credit, subject to such document being presented within the time limits specified in the credit and in these articles.
注释：
（1）unless otherwise specified in the credit：除非信用证另有规定
（2）a document bearing a date of issuance prior to that of the credit：出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据
（3）within the time limits specified in the credit and in these articles：在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内
参考译文：
除非信用证另有规定，银行将授受出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据，但该单据须在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内提交。

例3
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will reject a transport document issued by a forwarding agent. Provided that unless such transport document is the FIATA combined Transport Bill of Lading approved by the International Chamber of Commerce or otherwise the transport document indicates that it is issued by a forwarding agent acting as a carrier or an agent of a named carrier.
注释：
（1）unless otherwise：除非……（另有规定）
（2）transport document：运输单据
（3）forwarding agent：运输行
（4）the FIATA：国际运输商协会联合会
（5）combined Transport Bill of Lading：联合运输提单
（6）the International Chamber of Commerce：国际商会
（7）carrier：承运人
参考译文：
除非信用证另有规定，银行将拒受运输行出具的运输单据，但是有“国际运输商协会联合会”的联合运输提单或注明运输行作为承运人或某承运人的代理人出具的运输单据除外。

例4
In the case of carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport including carriage by sea, banks will refuse a transport document stating that the goods are or will be loaded on deck, unless otherwise specifically specified and authorized in the credit.
注释：
（1）carriage by sea or by more than one mode of transport：海运或多种类型运输
（2）be loaded on deck：装舱面
（3）unless otherwise specifically specified and authorized in the credit：除非信用证特别授权
参考译文：
如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或要装舱面的运输单据。

例5
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks will accept transport documents indicating the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit as the consignor of the goods.
注释：
（1）unless otherwise specified in the credit：除非信用证另有规定
（2）the third party other than the beneficiary of the credit：信用证受益人以外的第三者
（3）the consignor of the goods：发货人
参考译文：
除非信用证另有规定，银行将授受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者作为发货人的运输单据。

例6
Unless otherwise specified in the credit, commercial invoices shall be made out in the name of the applicant for the credit. Unless otherwise specified in the credit, banks may refuse commercial invoices issued with amounts exceeding that specified and permitted by the credit.
注释：
（1）commercial invoice：商业发票
（2）in the name of the applicant for the credit：信用申请人为抬头
（3）may refuse commercial invoices issued with amounts exceeding that specified and permitted by the credit：可拒受其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业发票；that specified and permitted by the credit：the amount specified and permitted by the credit 信用证允许金额
参考译文：
除非信用证另有规定，商业发票必须做到以信用证申请人为抬头。

除非信用证另有规定，银行可拒收其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业发票。

例7
Wherever, in the provisions of this Contract, any such notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination as are made and issued by any person are mentioned, unless otherwise specified in this Contract, such notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination shall be in writing, and the words “notify”,
“certify” or “determine” shall be construed accordingly. Provided that any such consent, approval, certificate or determination shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed.
注释：
（1）in the provisions of this Contract：本合同条款中
（2）notice, consent, approval, certificate or determination：通知、同意、批准、证明或决定
（3）shall be construed accordingly：据此解释
（4）shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed：都不应被无故扣压或拖延
参考译文：
本合同条款中，无论何处提及由任何人发出或颁发的任何通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，除合同另有说明者外，均指书面的通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，而通知、证明或决定字样均应据此解释。

对于任何此类通知、同意、批准、证明或决定都不应被无故扣压或拖延。

例8
Unless otherwise expressly specified in the Contract, the Engineer shall have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract.
注释：
（1）have no authority to relieve the Contractor of any of his obligations under the Contract：无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务 relieve sb. of sth.：解除某人的……（权利、义务）
参考译文：
除在合同中明确规定外，工程师无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务。

例9
Unless otherwise agreed by the Parties to the Contract, all expenses and disbursements, such as cabling, traveling and other expenses incurred in connection with the sale of products, shall be borne by the Agent. Provided that the Agent shall also bear the expenses for maintaining offices and other expenses for the performance of the obligations of the Salesmen and for the implementation of the instructions given by the Seller.
注释：
（1）all expenses and disbursements：所有的费用和支出
（2）cabling, traveling：电讯费，差旅费
（3）provided that：in addition 除此以外（这里表示进一步规定之意）
（4）expenses for maintaining offices：维持其办公处的费用（5）the performance of the obligations of the Salesmen：履行销售人员义务
参考译文：
除另有约定外，所有的费用和支出，如电讯费，差旅费以及其他有关商品销售的费用，都应由代理商承担。

除此以外，代理商还应承担维持其办公处的费用，及其它履行销售人员义务和执行卖方指示而发生的费用。

例10
Unless otherwise expressly provided for in this Contract, the Agent shall have no obligations to account to any Bank for any amount received in respect of any loan maintained by the Agent or any of its affiliates or for the profits related to the loan. The Agent and its affiliates may make loans to, accept deposits from, and generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though the Agent in question were not as an Agent.
注释：
（1）unless otherwise expressly provided for in this Contract：除本合同另有明确规定外
（2）generally engage in any kind of business with, the Borrower as though the Agent in question were not as an Agent：并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样
参考译文：
除本合同另有明确规定外，代理行没有义务向任何银行说明由于它或它的附属机构贷款而收到的金额或其利润。

代理行及其附属机构可以向借款人贷款，接受借款人存款，并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样。

十四 in accordance with; under; pursuant to
释义: 根据，按照
用法: 法律文件常用语，比according to正式
例1
On the FOB basis, the Buyer shall book shipping space in accordance with the date of shipment specified in the Contract.
注释：
（1）FOB = Free on board：船上交货。

按照1999年9月国际商会公布的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》的规定，采用该术语，卖方将货物在合同指定的装运港装到买方的船上，即完成交货。

卖方承担货物越过船舷以前的风险和费用。

买方则承担其后的一切风险和费用。

采用这个术语，在FOB后面要注明装运港名称，如FOB Shanghai。

（2）book shipping space：洽定舱位
in accordance with: 根据
（3）the date of shipment：装运日期
参考译文：
按照FOB条件，由买方负责根据合同规定的装运日期洽定舱位。

例2
Foreign trade dealers shall, in accordance with laws, enjoy full autonomy in their business operation and be responsible for their own profits and losses.
注释：
（1）foreign trade dealers：对外贸易经营者
（2）full autonomy in their business operation：自主经营（3）be responsible for their own profits and losses：自负盈亏
参考译文：
对外贸易经营者依法自主经营、自负盈亏。

例3
The staff and workers of a company may, in accordance with laws, organize a trade union to carry out union activities and protect the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers. The company shall provide the necessary conditions for activities of the trade union of the company.
注释：
（1）the staff and workers of a company：公司职工
（2）organize a trade union to carry out union activities：组织工会，开展工会活动
（3）protect the lawful rights and interests of the staff and workers：维护职工的合法权益
（4）conditions for activities：活动条件
参考译文：
公司职工依法组织工会，开展工会活动，维护职工的合法权益。

公司应当为本公司工会提供必要的活动条件。

例4
If, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, a shareholder fails to pay its subscribed Capital Contribution, the shareholder in question shall bear the responsibility of default to the other shareholders who have fully paid their capital contributions.
注释：
（1）subscribed Capital Contribution：所认缴的出资
（2）shall bear the responsibility of default：承担违约责任（3）the other shareholders who have fully paid their capital contributions：已足额缴纳出资的股东
参考译文：
股东不按照前款规定缴纳所认缴的出资，应当向已足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。

例5
If, in accordance with laws or administrative regulations, the examination and approval from relevant departments are
required, the approval documents shall, when applying to register the establishment of the company, be submitted.
注释：
（1）laws or administrative regulations：法律、行政法规（2）the examination and approval：审批
（3）to register the establishment of the company：设立公司登记
（4）the approval documents shall be submitted：提交批准文件
参考译文：
法律、行政法规规定需要经有关部门审批的，应当在申请设立公司登记时提交批准文件。

例6
A wholly state-owned company shall establish a board of directors. The board shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 46 and Article 66 of this Law, exercise and perform its duties. The term of office of the board of directors shall be three years.
注释：
（1）a wholly state-owned company：国有独资公司
（2）a board of directors：董事会
（3）exercise and perform its duties：行使职权，履行职责（4）The term of office of the board of directors shall be three years：董事会每届任期为三年。

参考译文：
国有独资公司设立的董事会，依照本法第四十六条，第六十六条规定履行职责。

董事会每届任期为三年。

例7
When, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the company’s net assets.
注释：
（1）a limited liability company is converted into a company limited by shares：有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司
（2）be equivalent to：相等
（3）the amount of the company’s net assets：公司净资产额
参考译文：
有限责任公司经批准变更为股份有限公司时，折合的股份总额应当相等于公司净资产额。

例8
A company limited by shares shall have a shareholders’ genera l meeting made up of all shareholders. The shareholders’ general meeting shall be the company’s authoritative organization and shall, in accordance with this Law, exercise its powers.
注释：
（1）a company limited by shares：股份有限公司
（2）shareholders’ general meeting：股东大会
（3）the company’s authoritative organization：公司的权力机构
（4）exercise one’s powers：行使职权
参考译文：
股份有限公司由股东组成股东大会。

股东大会是公司的权力机构，依照本法行使职权。

例9
The State shall, in accordance with the industrial policies, guide the orientation of foreign investment and encourage the establishment of such enterprises with foreign investment as adopt advanced technology and equipment and as export all or most of their products.
注释：
（1）the industrial policies：产业政策
（2）guide the orientation of foreign investment：引导外商投资方向
（3）encourage the establishment of such enterprises：鼓励举办企业
（4）export all or most of their products：出口全部或者大部
分产品
参考译文：
国家按照产业政策，引导外商投资方向，鼓励举办采用先进技术、设备、产品全部或者大部分出口的外商投资企业。

例10
If any enterprise with foreign investment goes into liquidation, and if the balance of its net assets or the balance of its
remaining property after deduction of the enterprise’s undistributed profit, various funds and liquidation expenses, exceeds the enterprise’s paid-in capital, the excess portion shall be liquidation income on which income tax shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law, be paid.
注释：
（1）go into liquidation：进行清算
（2）net assets：资产净额
（3）remaining property：剩余财产
（4）the enterprise’s undistributed profit：企业未分配利润（5）the enterprise’s paid-in capital：企业实缴资本
（6）the excess portion：超过部分
参考译文：
外商投资企业进行清算时，其资产净额或者剩余财产减除企业未分配利润、各项基金和清算费用后的余额，超过实缴资本的部分为清算所得，应当依照本法规定缴纳所得税。

十五 in respect of; in respect thereof
in respect of
释义: 关于
用法: 法律文件常用语，比about, concerning, as regards正式
in respect thereof
释义: 关于(上文已提及的事项)
用法: 例如表示“承包人已在其最终报表中，包括了对此事的索赔”，可以说“the contractor has included a claim in respect thereof in his Final Statement”，这里“in respect thereof”表示“in respect of the matters”。

语法：以上两个词组一般紧邻要修饰词之后
例1
Bank charges in respect of transfers are payable by the first beneficiary unless otherwise specified by the bank. The transferring bank shall have no obligations to effect the transfer until such charges are paid.
注释：
（1）bank charges：银行费用
（2）the first beneficiary：第一受益人
（3）the transferring bank：转拨银行，转让行
（4）shall have no obligations to effect the transfer：无办理转让的义务
（5）until such charges are paid：在该费用付清之前
参考译文：
除非银行另有规定，有关转让的银行费用应由第一受益人支付。

在该费用付清之前，转让行无办理转让的义务。

例2
The notice in question shall state the discrepancies in respect of which the issuing bank refuses the documents and shall also state whether the bank will hold the documents waiting for the disposal of, or it will return them to, the holder of bill of exchange (remitting bank or the beneficiary, as the case may be).
注释：
（1）the notice in question：该通知
（2）the discrepancies：不符点，指受益人提示的汇票及货运单据与信用证规定不符合。

（3）the issuing bank：开证行
（4）waiting for the disposal of the holder of bill of exchange：听候交单者（持票人）处理
（5）the beneficiary：受益人
（6）as the case may be：视情况而定
参考译文：
该通知必须说明关于开证行拒受单据的不符点，并说明单据是否代为保存听候处理或退还交单者（寄单行或受益人，视情况而定）。

例3
If the remitting bank draws the attention of the issuing bank to any discrepancies in the documents, or advises the issuing bank that the remitting bank has already made payments, and bears the responsibility for deferred payments, acceptance or negotiation with recourse or under the guarantee in respect of the discrepancies in question, the issuing bank shall not be thereby relieved from any of its obligations under any provisions of this Article.
注释：
（1）bear the responsibility for deferred payments：承担迟期付款责任
（2）with recourse or under the guarantee：以保留追索权或根据保函
（3）in respect of the discrepancies in question：关于该不符点
（4）thereby：因此
参考译文：
如寄单行提请开证行注意单据中任何不符点或通知开证行：关于该不符点，它已以保留追索权或根据保函进行了付款，承担迟期付款责任、承兑或议付时，开证行不能因此而解除其根据本条文的任何义务。

例4
The Engineer shall, after due consultation with the Employer and the Contractor, determine such amount of the costs in respect of the above-mentioned additional Works as shall be added to the Contract Price, and shall notify the Contractor of the matter in question accordingly, with a copy to the Employer.
注释：
（1）after due consultation：适当协商后
（2）such amount of the costs in respect of the above-mentioned additional Works：上述额外工程费用的数额
（3）the Contract Price：合同总价
（4）shall notify the Contractor of the matter in question accordingly：同时通知承包人
（5）with a copy to the Employer：并将一份副本呈交业主
参考译文：
工程师应在与业主和承包人适当协商后，确定上述额外工程费用的数额，并加到合同总价中去，同时通知承包人，并将一份副本呈交业主。

例5
In respect of incomes obtained by enterprises in the form of non-monetary assets or rights and interests, the incomes in question shall be computed or appraised at prevailing market prices.
注释：
（1）in respect of incomes obtained by enterprises：企业取得的收入
（2）non-monetary assets or rights and interests：非货币资产或者权益。