外刊经贸知识选读课带中文翻译

The Curta in Goes up 竹幕卷起
Peking permits foreign investment all along its coastline —creating differing rules and added con fusi on
中国政府允许外国在沿海投资一从而差生了不同的法则并引起困惑
By Mary Lee in Beiji ng
1. A clearly con fide nt Chi na has rolled up a large sect ion of its bamboo curta in, declared itself "ope n to the outside world" and hung sig ns on n early all its cities in vit ing foreig n inv estors to come and do serious bus in ess.
满怀信心地中国卷起大部分竹幕，向世界宣布“对外开放”，几乎所有的城市都张挂起邀请外商来投资作正当生意的招牌。

2.The four special econo mic zones (SEZs) in Guan gdo ng and Fujia n Provin ces, 14 coastal cities (all former treaty ports) and Hainan island (19 "open" areas in all) nave specifically desig ned tax and other incen tives for the foreig n in vestor. But every Provincial capital is doing its best to attract foreign investment.
广东省和福建省的4个经济特区、14个沿海开放城市(都是以前的通商口岸)和海南岛(总共十九个“开放”区)为外国投资者制定了税收和其他方面的鼓励政策。

每一个省会都在尽力吸引外资。

3.The foun dati on for all this was assembled in piecemeal form, beg inning in mid —1979 with the State Council ' s decision to set up four SEZs in the south. Then a joint-venture
law was published for the first time (albeit one full of holes), quickly followed by procedures for “compensation trade ” --- both or which were designed to attract foreign
inv estme nt to these four zon es. The followi ng year, a tax law for joi nt ven tures was promulgated.
所有这一切的基础是从1979年中期国务院决定在南方建立4个经济特区开始，尔后逐步形成的。

此后首次出台一项合资企业法(尽管充满漏洞)，继之就是“补偿贸易”程序----两者都是为吸引
外资到这4个经济特区而制定的。

第二年合资企业税法颁布实施。

4.But eve n as bus in essme n battled with bureaucracy in an effort to fulfil their hopes
of doing bus in ess with a pote ntial market of 1 bill on people, Chin ese leaders were grow ing
impatie nt with the rate of progress in the showpiece SEZ ——Shen zhe n.
尽管商人们努力与拥有10亿人口的潜在市场做生意而与官僚主义作斗争，但中国领导人对于深圳—这个经济特区的典范—前进的步伐变得越来越不耐烦了。

5.In April 1984, after the cou ntry ' s top leaders had visited the Shenzhen, Zhuhai and
Xiamen SEZs, the state Council declared 14 cities along the entire coast plus Hainan island ope n to foreig n in vestme nt, thus in troduc ing a real eleme nt of competiti on into the
country ' s economic-development programme. Then came the much- publicised “decision on reform of the econo mic structure ” and sudde nly, the race to get foreig n tech no logy and funds was on.
1984年4月，在中国高层领导人访问了深圳、珠海和厦门经济特区之后，国务院宣布沿整个海岸的14个城市再加上海南岛对外开放投资，从此把真正的竞争因素引入中国经济发展的计划中。

接着，备受公众注目的《关于经济结构改革的决定》出台，吸收外国技术和外资的竞争骤然开始。

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6.For foreign investors, the prospect of having access to a market of 1 billion consumers
no Ion ger seems like a pipedream. The Chin ese —in particular the rural population---are getting richer and nowwant visible improvements to their standard of living: they aspire to own colour TVsets, refrigerators, trucks, washing machines and better radios, bicycles and clothing. Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.
对于外商来说，进入拥有10亿消费者市场的前景不再是白日梦。

中国人---尤其是农村人口---正变得富有，他们希望其生活水平有明显的改善：他们渴望拥有彩电、冰箱、卡车、洗衣机和更好的收音机、自行车和衣服。

即使是地方厂商也注意到国内市场潜在的巨大销售量。

7.Recently, State Councillor GuMu, head of the China Coastal Cities Economic and Technical
Developme nt Corp. (CCETDC) ---the policymak ing and coordi nati on body for the 19 “ ope n
areas ”---reportedly pronoun ced the en tire coast ope n to foreig n inv estme nt. Take n
literally, this does not make much sense as the parts of the coast which have not been
“ ope necT are simply not ready for the dema nds of foreig n bus in essma n. In fact, sha ntou among the SEZs, and some of the 14 coastal cities plus Hainan are not even equipped with admi nistrative support or in frastructure to cope with the resp on sibilities which the cen tral gover nment has placed on them.
最近，中国沿海城市经济技术开发集团---19个“开发区域”政策制定和协调机构领导人、国务委员谷牧
宣布整个沿海对外开放投资。

从字面上理解，这并没有多大意义，因为还没“开放”的沿海地区还不能满足外商的需求。

事实上，经济特区中的汕头，14个沿海城市中的一些城市，再加上
海南岛，甚至不具备履行中央政府授予的职责所需的行政支持或基础设施。

8. A well-placed source within the CCETDC said Gu in fact was referri ng to the 19 areas
which had been officially opened. The strategy, he said, was a Iong-term one, to transfer the SEZs experience with new industry to the 14 cities and Hainan, at the same time as this experience was being shared with the country ' s inner regions.
谷牧说，中国沿海城市经济技术开发集团的良好根基实际上是指已经正式开放的19个区域。

他说，
把具有新工业的经济特区的经验应用到这14个城市和海南岛的战略是长远的。

与此同时，这一经
验也与内地一起分享。

9.The cen tral gover nment ' s determ in ati on to raise the level of in dustrial tech no logy
is clearly behind the decision to open the 14 coastal cities. In addition, China is now
ready to spend US$ 14.2 billion for its foreign-exchange reserves (which stood at US$ 16.5 billi on in June 1984) to buy foreig n tech no logy. The Bank of China has also said that new and more flexible load policies will enable “thousands ” of domestic enterp rises to borrow foreig n excha nge to import equipme nt and repay in Renmin bi.
中央政府提高工业技术水平的决心清楚地反映在决定开放14个沿海城市上。

此外，中国现在正准
备用142亿美元的外汇储备(1984年6月外汇储备是165亿美元)购买外国技术。

中国银行也说，新的更为灵活的贷款政策将使“数千家”国内企业能够借用外汇来进口设备而用人民币偿还。

10.The n eed to upgrade in dustrial equipme nt is great: official figures show that in 1980,
20% of China ' s capital stock was already 10 -20 years behind that of the West. Another
20% --while tech no logically backward —worked well, but the remai ning 60% should have
bee n scrapped or reno vated. The comb ined in dustrial output of the 15 coastal areas is reportedly equal to a quarter of the nation ' s total.
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改善工业设备的需求是巨大的：官方数字表明，1980年20%勺中国资本设备已经落后西方10-20年，另外的20%----尽管技术落后----操作良好，但其余60%£该报废或更新。

据报道，15个沿海区域总的工业产量是全国产量的1/4。

11.But while the reasons for throwing 19 areas and cities open to foreign investment and
tech no logy tran sfer are clear, how the prefe ' ren tial systems will operate in not. This
is due largely to the intensity of competition amongthe 19, coupled with the inexperienee of most local authorities both in making decisions and in dealing with the outside world. However, there are important differences between the SEZs and the coastal cities and even
among the coastal cities themselves.
尽管为外资和技术转让而开放19个区域和城市的原因是显而易见的，但是优惠体制将怎样操作却无从知道。

这主要是因为这19个区域的激烈竞争，再加上大多数地方当局在制定决策和处理对外事务方面缺乏经验。

然而，在经济特区和沿海城市之间，甚至沿海城市之间都存在重大差异。

12.In the SEZs, which are being built-almost from scratch, foreigners can invest in anything which the state deems useful for the coun try, be it, for example, product ion of
goods for export or construction of private-housing estates. These can be joint ventures,
cooperative en terprises or wholly foreig n-ow ned operati ons. Because every factory or bus in ess established in the SEZs is n ew, imports of capital and con sumer goods (except cigarettes and liquor) are exempted from customs duties, and a uniform 15%income-tax rate is applied.
在几乎是白手起家的经济特区里，外商可对中国认为有用的人和项目进行投资，不论是生产出口品
还是建造个人居住的房地产都行。

这些可以是合资企业、合作企业或外商独资企业。

因为经济特区中每一个工厂或企业都是新建的，所以进口资本货物和消费品(烟、酒除外)可以免除海关税，只收取统一的15%^率的所得税。

13.In the coastal cities, only factories where pla nt is being upgraded by foreig n
investment, enjoy the 15%tax rate (or less for target projects such as transport, energy and telecom muni catio ns). Only “ key equipme nt and other materials n ecessary for tech ni cal
tran sformatio n whic h cannot be readily obta in able in Chi na ” will enjoy exemptio ns from
customs duties prior to 1990, accordi ng to Gu.
在沿海城市，只有用外则更新设备的工厂才享有15%勺税率(运输、能源及电信等目标项目更少)。

按照谷牧的说法，只有“关键设备和中国不能轻易得到的技术改造所必需的其他材料”在1990年
前将享受免除海关税。

14.However, each coastal city also has bee n gran ted the right to establish an Econo mic
and Technical Development Zone (ETDZ) outside the city centre, which will offer a uniform tax rate of 15% for all projects and waive the usual 10% profit-remittance tax.
然而，每个沿海城市都被授权在市中心以外建立经济技术开发区，对所有的项目都实施统一的15% 的税率，并免除通常的10%勺利润汇款税。

15.Only the ETDZ in Shanghai (one of the 14 coastal cities) enjoys the same status as the four SEZs. This means that if an enterprise is within the zone, it will enjoy the preferential tax rate of 15%. A joint venture outside the Zone --- involving the setting
up of a new factory, and not the upgrading of an existing one --- is liable to the standard 33% tax rate. Tourist enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone - as 如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！
with similar projects outside the SEZs —are not en titled to any special status.
只有上海(14个沿海城市之一)的经济技术开发区和4个经济特区享有同等的地位。

这就是说，
如果某一企业位于该经济开发区内，它将享受15%勺优惠税率。

处于开放区以外的合资企业---包
括建设新的工厂而不是改善现有的工厂---应支付33%勺标准税率。

该区以外的旅游业和其他服务业一和经济特区外的类似项目一样---不享有特殊地位。

16.The major source of con fusi on for foreig n inv estors, however, is not the tax rate but
who has the authority to approve projects. The mun icipal gover nments of Tianjin and
Shanghai have the power to approve projects each coating no more than US $ 30 million.
Dalian and Canton have the power to approve projects of less than US $ 10 million each, and the other 10 cities may approve projects involving less than US $ 5 million.
然而，令外国投资者困惑的主要原因不是税率问题，而是谁具有批准项目权利的问题。

天津和上海的市政府有权批准不超过3, 000万美元的单个项目。

大连和广州有权批准不超过1, 000万美元的
单个项目，另外10个城市可以批准低于500万美元的项目。

17.On eofficial who is well aware of the con fusi on afflicti ng both local authorities and
foreig n inv estors is Jing Shup ing, preside nt of Chi na Intern ati onal Econo mic Con sulta nts
Inc. which is the consultancy arm of the China International Trust and Investment Corp.
The various cities and zones, he said, must discover their own special characteristics, stre ngths and weak nesses.
经叔平是熟谱困扰着地方政府和外国投资者的问题的一个官员，它是中国国际经济咨询公司的总裁，该公司是中国国际信国投资公司的咨询机构。

他说，不同的城市和特区必须发现自己的特点、优势和不足。

18.“ We want to stir up the en thusiasm of the grassroots un its --- the en terprises --to get things done, ” he said. “ We are only just beg inning, so the con fusi on is n atural.
But if we start putt ing too many rules and regulatio ns (in an effort to in troduce some
order to the situation) they will get discouraged. The time will come when the cities and
zones will ask for help in coord in ati ng their efforts. ”
“我们想激起基层单位一企业---的热情来成就大业”他说，“我们才刚刚开始，因此存在困惑是不足为奇的。

但是如果我们一开始就制定太多的规章制度(试图在这一局面下建立秩序)，他们就会泄气。

迟早有一天城市和特区会寻求援助以协调他们的工作。

”
19.Ano ther source of con fusi on for the in vestor lies in the fact that in Guangdong, for
instanee, there are three SEZs and two “open” areas, Canton and Hainan island. There
have been recent complaints from the Hainan government on interference from Canton (the provincial capital) on the exercise of its authority.
对于投资者而言，其困惑的另一来源在于同省份内的不同权限设置。

例如广东省有三个经济特区以
及广州和海南岛两个开放区域。

最近海南当地政府抱怨设在广州的省政府正在干预其经济决策和权威。

20.So, while a comprehensive framework for the country ' s modernisation has been provided
by the central committee ' s 21 October 1984 decision to reform the e conomic structure,
it will be some time before the dust settles and local authorities and foreign investors
can deal with one another in a systematic way. The mountainous bureaucracy facing foreign bus in essme n has yet to be reduced effectively, despite promises by gover nment.
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定中已经提出，然而，基层单位、地方政府和外国投资者有条不紊的打交道尚需一些时日。

尽管政府已经做出承诺，外国商人所面临的沉重的官僚主义还有待于更有效的铲除。

21.What foreign businessmen find encouraging is that ideology is no longer in the driver 's seat, having been de ftly
removed with the slogan “Socialism with Chinese characteristics ” and replaced by entrepreneur -ship. Enterprises wholly owned by foreigners are now allowed. Even the oft- repeated phrase “public ownership of the means of production ” has been amended wit h the passage of a law on inheritance which protects private ownership of capital equipment - another way of saying that individuals can now
own the means of production.
使外国商人感到鼓舞的是，意识形态不再处于统治地位，它已经被“有中国特色的社会主义”的口号和企业家精神所取代。

现在中国允许外商独资企业。

就连人们常说的“生产资料的公有制”也随着继承法的通过而被修改，继承法保护资本设备的私有制—换句话说，也就是个人可以拥有生产资料。

22.Stock- taking of the open policy will come later this year when the National People's Congress discusses the seventh five-year plan, which will run to the end of the decade.
今年晚些时候当全国人民代表大会讨论第7个五年级计划时将要对开放政策进行评估，第7 个五年计划将持续到80 年代末。

---- From far Eastern Economic Review . 31 Jan. , 1985
摘自《远东经济评论》1985 年 1 月31 日
section / 5sekFEn/ n. 部分
former / 5fR:mE/ a. 以前的；旧时的
specially / 5speFEli/ ad. 明确地；特别地
tax / tAks/ n. 税
incentive / in5sentiv/ n. 刺激；鼓励
attract / E5trAkt/ v. 吸引
assemble / E5sembl/ v. 汇集；形成
piecemeal / 5pi:smi:l/ ad. 一件一件地；逐渐地
State Council / / 国务院
albeit / R:l5bi:it/ conj. 尽管
procedure / prE5si:dVE/ n. 程序；手续
promulgate / prR5mElgeit/ v. 颁布；公布
potential / pE5tenFEl/ a. 潜在的
showpiece / / n. 优秀样品；展出之事物
publicize / 5pQblisaiz/ v. 引起公众对... 注意
fund / fQnd/ n. 资金
prospect / 5prRspekt, prEs5pekt/ n. 前景
pipe dream / / n. 白日梦；幻想
aspire / Es5paiE/ v. 渴望
vast / va:st/ a. 巨大的
state councilor / / 国务委员
pronounce / prE5nauns/ v. 宣告；宣布
尤指用广告）宣传
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administrative infrastructure cope (with) strategy long-term transfer inner regions
/ Ed5ministrEtiv/ a. 管理的；行政的
/ 5infrEstrQktFE/ n. 基础设施
/ / v. （成功地）应付；（妥善地）处理/ 5strAtidVi/ n. 战略
/ / a. 长期的
/ trAns5fE:/ v. 搬；使转移
/ / 内地
foreign-exchange reserves / / 外汇储备
repay / ri:5pei/ v. 偿还；付还（钱）upgrade / 5Qp5greid/ v. 提高；改善
remaining scrap / / a. 剩余的；其余的
/ skrAp/ v. 刮（擦）净；除掉
technology transfer / / 技术转让
intensity / in5tensiti/ n. 强烈；激烈(to start) from scratch / / 从零(开始)
deem estate / di:m/ v. 认为；相信
/ is5teit/ n. 地产；财产
wholly foreign-owned / / 外商独资拥有的
operation business capital goods consumer goods liquor / 5RpE5reiFEn/ n. 企业/ 5biznis/ n. 工商企业/ / 资本货物
/ / 消费品
/ 5likE/ n. 酒类
uniform / 5ju:nifR:m/ a. （税收、法律等）一样的；一致的
plant / pla:nt/ n. 全套设备readily / 5redili/ ad. 无困难地；容易地
prior (to)
grant
waive profit-remittance status / / ad. 在... 之前
/ gra:nt/ v. 给予；授予
/ weiv/ v. 放弃；不坚持要求/ / 利润汇款
/ 5steitEs/ n. 地位
preferential tax rate / / 优惠税率
be liable to
entitle (to) authority / / 有义务的；应付（税）的
/ / v. 给... 权利；给... 资格/ R:5WRriti/ n. 权；权利
approve / E5pru:v/ v. 批准；核准
municipal affict consultant consultancy / mju:5nisipEl/ a. 市（政）的
/ / v. 使苦恼；折磨
/ kEn5sQltEnt/ n. 顾问
/ kEn5sQltEnsi/ n. （承接咨询业务的）顾问服务公司
strengths and weaknesses / / 优缺点
stir (up) grassroots complaint interference exercise / / v. 激起；鼓励
/ / a. 群众的；基层的
/ kEm5pleint/ n. 抱怨；抗议
/ 5intE5fiErEns/ n. 干预；扰乱
/ 5eksEsaiz/ v. （官能、力量、权利等的）行驶；运用；执行
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comprehe nsive framework has yet to ideology in the driver's seat deftly remove en trepre neurship
oft-repeated / 5kRmpri5hensiv/ a.广泛的；综合的/ 5freimwE:k/ n.准则
/ / 有待
/ aidi5RlEdVi/ n.思想意识
/ /处于统治（或控制）地位
/ / ad.机敏地
/ ri5mu:v/ v.移开；挪走
/ / n.企业家精神
/ /反复说的
means of producti on / / 生产资料
ame nd
in herita nee / E5mend/ v.修改；修订/in5heritEns/ n.继承权
protect / prE5tekt/ v.保护
stock-tak ing / /盘货；评估；估量
Natio nal People's Co ngress / / 全国人民代表大会
1.…tax and other incentives for the foreign investor attract tf o reign investment.
2. c. a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated .
3. c. Chinese leaders were growing impatient with the rate of progress in the showpiece SEZ-She
ngzhe n.
4. c. thus introducing a real element of competition into the country ' s
econom ic-developme nt programme.
5.Even local factories are taking note of the vast potential sales in their own domestic market.
6.The cen tral govemme nt ' s determ in ati on to raise the level of in dustrial tech no logy
is clearly behind the decision to open the 14 coastal cities.
7. c. repay in Renminbi.
8.The n eed to upgrade in dustrial equipme nt …
9.The combined industri al output of the 15 coastal areas …
10.the preferential systems
11.the intensity of competition
12.private-housing estates.
13.Wholly foreign-owned operations
14. A uniform 15% income-tax
15. c. plant is being upgraded by foreign investment …
16. c. waive the usual 10% profit-remitta nee tax.
17. A joint venture outside the zone is liable to - the standard 33% tax rate.
18.Tourist enterprises and any other service industry outside the zone are not entitled to …
any special status.
19. c. who has the authority to approve projects.
20.The consultancy arm
21.rules and regulations
22. c. it will be some time before the dust settles …
23.Stock-taking of the open policy。