长期不同耕作措施对土壤团聚体特征及微生物多样性的影响_李景 (1)

长期不同耕作措施对土壤团聚体特征及

微生物多样性的影响

*

李　景1

　吴会军

1**

　武雪萍1

　蔡典雄1

　姚宇卿2

　吕军杰2

　田云龙

3

(1中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081;2洛阳市农业科学研究所,河南洛阳471022;3中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081)

摘　要　以豫西丘陵地区15年的保护性耕作试验为平台,研究了不同耕作措施对土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性和土壤细菌㊁古菌及真菌多样性的影响.结果表明:与传统耕作相比,免耕㊁小麦⁃花生两茬耕作和深松覆盖处理增加了>2000μm 粒级团聚体的相对含量,减少了<53μm 粒级团聚体的相对含量;显著提高了土壤团聚体平均质量直径(MWD ),提高幅度分别为18.0%㊁12.2%和50.4%.免耕㊁深松覆盖和两茬耕作处理均可提高细菌㊁古菌和真菌的Shannon 指数(H),细菌分别提高0.3%㊁0.3%和0.6%,古菌分别提高20.2%㊁40.5%和49.1%,真菌分别提高23.7%㊁19.5%和25.8%.土壤细菌和古菌的H 指数与大团聚体含量(R 0.25)和MWD 显著相关,而真菌的H 指数与R 0.25和MWD 相关性不显著.综上,采用免耕㊁深松结合小麦秸秆覆盖以及小麦⁃花生轮作等措施均可改善土壤团聚体状况,提高土壤微生物多样性指数.

关键词　耕作　土壤团聚体　微生物多样性　PCR⁃DGGE

*国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB100501)㊁国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2013AA102901)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077,201203030)资助.

**通讯作者.E⁃mail:hjwu@ 2013⁃10⁃25收稿,2014⁃05⁃13接受.

文章编号　1001-9332(2014)08-0000-04　中图分类号　S341.1　文献标识码　A

Effects of long⁃term tillage measurements on soil aggregate characteristic and microbial di⁃versity.LI Jing 1,WU Hui⁃jun 1,WU Xue⁃ping 1,CAI Dian⁃xiong 1,YAO Yu⁃qing 2,LÜJun⁃jie 2,TIAN Yun⁃long 3(1Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning ,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,Beijing 100081,China ;2Luoyang Institute of Agricultural Sciences ,Luoyang 471022,Henan ,China ;3Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture ,Chi⁃nese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ,Beijing 100081,China ).⁃Chin.J.Appl.Ecol .,2014,25(8):-.

Abstract :Soil aggregate stability and microbial diversity play important roles in nutrient recycling in soil⁃crop systems.This study investigated the impacts of different soil tillage systems on soil ag⁃gregation and soil microbial diversity based on a 15⁃year long⁃term experiment on loess soil in Henan Province of China.Treatments included reduced tillage (RT),no⁃tillage (NT),wheat⁃pea⁃nut two crops (TC),sub⁃soiling with mulch(SM),and conventional tillage (CT).Soil aggregates were separated by wet sieving method,and soil microbial (bacterial,archaeal and fungal)diversity was examined by using the techniques of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR⁃DGGE)a⁃nalysis.The results showed that NT,SM and TC increased water⁃stable macroaggregates by 21.5%,29.5%,and 69.2%,respectively,as compared with CT.The mean mass diameter (MWD)in the surface soil was significantly higher for the three tillage treatments than that for CT.Tillage practices caused changes in bacterial,archaeal and fungal community compositions.With NT,SM and TC,the bacterial,archaeal and fungal Shannon indices increased by 0.3%,0.3%,and 0.6%,and 20.2%,40.5%,and 49.1%,and 23.7%,19.5%,and 25.8%,respectively,as compared with CT.Both bacterial and archaeal Shannon indices were significantly correlated with the indices of water⁃stable macroaggregates and MWD,while the fungal Shannon index was not sig⁃

应用生态学报　2014年8月　第25卷　第8期 Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,Aug.2014,25(8):-

网络出版时间：2014-05-30 17:10网络出版地址：/kcms/doi/10.13287/j.1001-9332.20140530.016.html