国际商务合同的结构

合同的正文 body of contract
• 合同或协议的主体，明确规定当事人各方的权 利、义务、责任和风险等。 • 每一条款的内容都必须明确、具体、完整，以 避免意义含糊而发生纠纷。
正文的内容 content of body
• 合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围。Type of contract and scope of the object in the contract. • 合同的价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种 附加的费用。The contract price, amount, method of payment, other various incidental charges. • 合同能否转让和合同转让的条件The conditions for the assignment of contract • 违反合同的赔偿和其他责任liability to pay compensation and other liabilities for breach of contract • 合同发生争议时的解决方法The ways for
合同的类型和合同标的的种类、范围 type, range of objects
• 例: • Pursuant to the Buyer’s Purchase Order, the Seller agrees to supply the Buyer with the gods, and the names, types, serial numbers, quantity and unit price of the goods as stipulated in the annex to this contract. The annex shall form an integral part of the contract.
法定地址 legal address
• 主要指营业地、住所地或者居所所在地。 （principle places of business or residential addresses, etc.） • 住所应是固定的，而不是临时的，亦不是下属 分公司的。
签订日期/地点 date/location
例：简化/删除陈述事实部分的前言
• This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under-mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stated below: • 按本合同条款，买方同意购入、卖方同意 出售下述货品，谨此签约。
合同的价格条件、支付金额、支付方式和各种附加的费用 condition of price
• 价格条款 terms of price • 支付条款 terms of payment
价格条款
• 价格是贸易中的关键所在。Price is the crux matter in business. • 现今最广泛使用的是FOB, CIF, 和CFR三种术 语。 • 当事人应确定商品计量单位的价格、货币、运 费（海/空运费、内陆运费）、装卸费、仓储 费、关税、手续费及培训费等由谁承担和风险 划分。
例：简化/删除陈述事实部分的前言
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COMMERCIAL CONTRACT 商业合同 No: _______ 合同号： Date:_______ 日期 The Buyer:_______买方 Cable Address:电报___ 电传Telex:________ The Seller:_________卖方 Cable Address电报:________ Telex:电传___
• The date and place of signing the contract
合同双方法律关系 legal relation
• 在明确了当事人全称后，指明谁是买方、卖方， 或者是出让方、受让方等。（legal relationship between the parties）
同意订约的词句 intention to create contract
合同能否转让和合同转让的条件 if it is transferable or not?
例
• •
Terms of Payment L/C shall be opened within 30 days by the buyer before shipment, the seller will remit the real value differences of buying and selling to the buyer after shipement. • If the buyer makes out the bill and settles accounts of foreign currency, the buyer shall remit the total value to the seller according to the invoice/ receipt value opened.
合同的前言 Preamble
• 即合同的总则，“合同的效力条款（validity clauses of contracts）”,是合同生效的基本条件。 • 合同主体是谁？Who will sign on this contract? • 合同各方是否具有合法主体资格？Are they capable of doing it? • 合同及合同争议应适用的法律是什么？What is the applicable laws? • 合同履行的地点在哪里？ Where does the contract shall be enforced? • 合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权？ When it will be effective, terminated? What’s the date of contract, and jurisdiction of it?
支付条款 condition of payment
• 国际贸易中，为了安全起见，往往必须有银行 介入。 • 支付金额即合同规定的总金额。 • 在起草这部分条款时，应详细规定支付金额 （amount of payment）、支付工费 （instrument of payment）、支付时间(time of payment)、支付地点(place of payment)和 支付方式(method of payment)
例：标准的详细前言部分
•
The Principal and the General Agent have agreed that the General Agent shall be appointed as the Principal’s sole exclusive Agent to negotiate, on behalf of the Principal, with the seller the price and other terms and conditions for, and all other matters connected with, the acquisition of the Technology by the Principal, subject to the terms and upon the conditions hereinafter set forth? 委托人和总代理人双方同意，由委托人指定的总代 理人系独家全权代表，委托人授权其代表可根据本 协议所列的条款和条件，与卖方洽谈引进技术的价 格及其他有关事项： • NOW IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:兹 同意下列条款： •
国际商务合同的结构
Structures of International Business Contracts
国际商务合同的结构 Structures of International Business Contracts
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Biblioteka Baidu
约首或序言 preface 合同的前言 preamble 合同的正文 body 约尾或结尾 ending
例
• Total Value Carrier air condition equipment (names, specifications, quantities, unit prices & origins as per attachment No. 1 to the Contract) totaling US $ 2,500,000.00(Say US Two Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars only) CIF Shanghai or place designated by the Buyer.
合同名称 name of contract
• 名称是合同的性质、内容、种类的具体体现， 根据合同内容的不同而不同，如销售合同、购 买合同、赔偿合同、托运合同、代理合同等。 • 合同的名称/标题一定要与合同内容相一致。
合同当事人 participants of contract
• 人数没有法律限定。 • 当事人的名称第一次在合同中出现时应使用全 称，以表示法律身份。只有在后面反复出现时 才可以用简称，简称甲方和乙方，卖方和买方， 许可方和被许可方。（e.g." hereinafter referred to as/hereinafter called Party A and Party B, the Seller and the Buyer, the Licensor and the Licensee.”）
例：标准的详细前言部分
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WHEREAS:---鉴于： • The Principal is desirous of acquiring from __ Co., Ltd., (hereinafter called the “Seller” ) the SGI Technology (hereinafter called the “SGI technology”).委托人欲从 ___有限公司（以下称“卖方”）引 进SGI技术（以下称“SGI”技术）。 •
• GENERAL AGENCY AGREEMENT • 总代理协议书 • General Principles 总则 • THE AGREEMENT dated the ___ of ___ is made BETWEEN:本协议书于__年_月_日由 下列双方共同签订： • ___, a company incorporated under the laws of ___, and having its registered address at ___ (hereinafter called the “Principal”) and __, a company incorporated under the laws of __, and having its registered office at __ (hereinafter called the “General Agent”). 根据__法律登记注册的___ 公司，其地址___(以下称“委托人”)，与根 据___法律登记注册的___有限公司，其地址 ___(以下称“总代理人”)。
• 例如“双方同意按照以下条款及条件买卖下列 货物。Both party agree to buy and sell the following commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.”
例：标准的详细前言部分