美国社会与文化复习题

US Overall View of America
I 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. Fill in the bla nks.
Si nee the time of i ndependen ceof the Un ited States, 48 states were added.
Two states are sep aratedfrom the con ti nen tal US, that is Hawaii i n
Ocea n and Alaska to the n orthwest of Can ada.
In the US, there are 4 time zones form the east to west.
“ WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant
Among the Great Lakes, Lake Michiga n is the on ly one en tirely in
States.
Wash ington, D.C is n amed after George Wash ingto n and Christ op her Columbus. The country is situated mostly in central North America , with
Can ada_ to the n orth and Mexico to the south, the P acific Ocea n to the west and Atla ntic Ocea n to the east.
The federal district of USA is Washington, DC and the largest city is New York City. Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part and the Rocky Mountains are in the western p art.
con ti
nental
the Pacific
the Uni ted
II 1.
2.
Choose the most approp riate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.
How many con ti nen tal states were there at the time of independence of the US? A. 35 B.
48 C. 13 D.50
Which of the followi ng was the last con ti nen tal state added to the Un io n?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Ken tucky
Arizona Penn
sylva nia
Alaska
3. Which of the followi ng descri pti on of uni formity of America n culture is not true?
A.
B.
C.
D. People in gen eral share the same ideas, ideals and objectives
There is no real regi onal or class variety in sp eech of usage of En glish. There is n ot much really disti nctive regi onal architecture or cookery. Gen erally sp eak ing people have the same eth nic backgro und.
4.Which states are geogra phically sep arated from the America n con ti nent?
A Hawaii and Alaska.
B Hawaii and Ariz ona
C Arizo na and Alaska
D Alaska and New York
5.The biggest city in the US is ___________ .
A.Los An gels
B.New York
C.Chicago
D.San Fran cisco
6.Which two lakes con sist of Niagara Falls?
A. Lakes Sup erior and Michiga n
B. Michiga n and Huron
C. Huron and Erie
D. Erie and On tario
7. What are the five famous symbols of America n culture?
A. Barbie Doll, American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty
B. Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty, Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, America n Gothic
C. American Gothic, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, Coca-cola, The Statue of Liberty
D.
Coca-cola, Barbie Doll, Buffalo Nickel, Uncle Sam, The Statue of Liberty
8. What are the n atio nal rose and tree of US?
A. rose and palm
B. rose and oak
C. tulip and oak
D. tulip and palm
Hawaii became the 5^ states of the Uni ted States in the 1948. The largest of the racial and eth nic min orities in the US is the Hispani cs.
The Grand Canyon is located in the state of Colorado.
The first thirtee n states of the Un ited States mai niy located along the easter n seaboard 5. (T) Arizona was the last continen tal state which joined the Union in the 1912. 6. (T) Hollywood located in Los An gels.
1. Fi nd the nickn ames of the followi ng States in the USA. Arka nsas: Land of Opportun ity California: Golde n State Colorado: Centennial State Florida: Sunshine State Hawaii: Aloha State
Alaska: Land of Midnight Sun; the Last Frontier ； Peninsula State Massachusetts: Old Colony State Bay State V Exp lai n each item in your own words 1. diversity of the people
It refers to the differe nt orig ins of the immigra nts (differe nt eth nic backgro un ds) and the differences between the first generation of immigrants and Iong-established America ns. 2. Man hattan Isla nd
It is south-east part of New York City.
It is the center of the City and includes things that are famous to the world: Wall Street, Fifth Ave nue, Broadway, the Emp ire State Buildi ng. Rockefeller Cen tre, the Un ited Nati ons Buildi ng, Cen tral P ark, Harlem and so on VI Questi ons for short an swers
1. Which was the “ mother country ”？
The UK was con sidered as the mother country of the orig inal thirtee n colonies in North America.
III Judge whether each stateme nt is true(T) or false(F). 1. (T) 2. (F) 3. (F)
4. (T)
2. Why does Manhattan Island include everything that most people think of whe n they say
“ New York ”？
Becausefamous p laces like Wall Street, Fifth Ave nue, Broadway, the Emp ire State Buildi ng, Rockefeller Cen tre, Cen tral P ark, Harlem and so on are on this isla nd.
Cha pter 2 American History 2014
The Second Con ti nen tal Con gress 1.
After the first shot of the American War of independence was fired at Lexington on April 19,1775, the Second Continental Con gress met in P hiladel phia in May 1775. 2.
It bega n to assume the functions of a n ati onal gover nmen t. It foun ded a Con ti nen tal Army and Navy un der the comma nd of George Wash ington, and bega n to print paper money and opened dipIo matic relati ons with foreig n po wers. It ado pted on July 4, 1776 the Declarati on of Independence which was drafted by Thomas Jeffers on.
The Bill of Rights 1.
In order to in sure in dividual liberties, ten ame ndme nts —the bill of Rights were added to the
Con stitution in 1791 2.
It guara nteed freedom of religi on, a free p ress, free sp eech, the right of citize ns to bear arms, protection against illegal house searches, the right to a fair trial by jury and protection against “ cruel and unusual punishments
”
The Emancip ati on Proclamati on
II Questio ns and An swers on the Text Who was Christ op her Columbus?
He was a mariner from Italy who voyaged to North America. When did Columbus set sail?
In 1492.
Where and whe n was the first En glish colony foun ded?
At Jamestow n, Virgi ni a, in 1607. How did the early coloni sts in Virginia man age to earn mon ey? They discovered a way to earn money by grow ing tobacco. Who established several settleme nts in New En gla nd?
En glish Purita ns.
When did the Pilgrims cross the Atla ntic in the shi p Mayflower? In
1620.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. How many colonies had En glish settlers occ upied by 1733?
Thirtee n
In colonial time, which act ruled that sp ecial tax sta mps to be attached to all n ews pap ers?
The sta mp Act
How did a group of p atriots in 1773
1. After the Civil War bega n, Lincoln issued the Emancip ati on Proclamati on on Janu ary1, 1863 to win more support at home and abroad.
2. It gran ted freedom to all slaves in areas still con trolled by the Con federacy.
After the Civil War, the US Con gress put forward the p rogram of Rec on structio n, or reform,
of the Southern states. The p rogram was bitterly oppo sed by most Souther n whites
It ended in 1877, when new constitutions had been ratified in all southern states and all federal troops were withdraw n from the south.
After the Civil War, some souther n whites formed the Ku Klux Klan.
It was a violent secret society that hoped to protect white interests and advantages by terroriz ing blacks and p reve nti ng them from making social adva nces.
By 1872, the federal gover nment had supp ressed the Klan, but it revived several times in later history.
The Social Security Act 1. As part of the New Deal p rogram, the Social Security Act was p assed in 1935. 2.
It established contributory old- age and survivors of unemployment in sura nee.
America n Holiday
I choose the correct an swer.
1. Than ksgivi ng Day dates back to 1621, the year after A. the British B. the Dutch C. The Catholics D. the P urita ns
2. The egg and the bunny are symbols for _____________ . A. Christmas Day B. Vale nti ne's Day C. Easter Sun day D. Hallowee n
3. _____ is a religious holiday in the US.
Recon struct ion
1.
2. 3.
3.
The Ku Klux Kla n 1. 2.
Fran kli n D. Roosevelt
1. 2. 3. A former Democrat gover nor of New York state, he was elected p reside nt in 1932.
With in the historic “ Hun dredDays "he laun ched the New Deal p rogram to deal with the Dep ressi on
He explained his p olitics to the p ublic in a series Dep ressi on, many America ns con sidered him as one of the most resp ected p reside nts in America n history.
' pensions and a joint fedfearte p rogram
arrived in Massachusetts.
A.New Year ' Day
B.Martin Luther King 'Day
C.Vale nti ne ' Day
D.Easter Sun day
4.Hallowee n is on
A.the last Friday of October
B.the last Sun day of October
C.October 30
D.October 31
5.America ' Independence Day is on
A June 4
B.June 14
C July 4
D. July 14
6.Costumes and masks are worn by America n people on
A.New Year ' Day
B.Christmas
C.Memorial Day
D.Hallowee n
II Find the exact sig nals or descri ptio ns of each holidays resp ectively.
Vale nti ne's Day: a festival of roma nee and affect ion by excha nging toke ns of love
St. P atrick's Day : Be sure to wear gree n
Easter: In Christian countries it is celebrated as a religious holiday commemorating the resurrect ion of Jesus Christ,
April Fools' Day: P lay a clever (but harmless) trick or tell a joke to some one with a good sense of humor Mothers' Day: earn ati on
Columbus Day: It commemorates the discovery of America by Christ op her Columbus
Hallowee n: “ Trick or treat ”
Than ksgivi ng Day: turkey Christmas: Santa Claus and his rein deers
II Defin itio n:
Than ksgivi ng Day:
It is the fourth Thursday in November, celebrates the first harvest of the Pilgrims after they survived their first win ter in the new world. The theme has always bee n p eace and plen ty.
Independence Day:
On July 4th, celebrates the birthday of the U.S. with the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
Than ksgivi ng Day:
The fourth Thursday in November, Celebrat ing a Harvest of traditi on. The theme has always bee n
P eace and plenty.
Christmas:
December25 ,a joyful religious holiday whe n Christia ns celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ
Santa Claus:
in folklore, a fat, bearded old man in a red suit who lives at the North Pole and brings childre n p rese nts at Christmas;
III
True or False
1. (F) America ns observe the Labor Day on the same day as the Chin ese.
2. (F) On New Years Eve, America ns usually stay at home and enjoy a family reunion.
IV An swer the follow ing questio n
1.
US Educati on
Choose the most approp riate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt. The first America n leader who suggested creat ing a system of free schools for all persons that would
be p ublicly supported through taxes was George Wash ington Thomas Jeffers on Joh n Adams James Madis on
The n atio nal system of formal educati on in the Un ited States differs from educati on systems of
other Wester n coun ties in educati onal in stituti ons are p rimarily gover ned by federal on es.
America n educatio n put emp hasis on high educati on
People who receive formal educati on con stitute relatively small p erce ntage The Un ited States has no n ati onal system or n ati onal curriculum
What is the origi n of Than ksgivi ng Day?
Fill in the bla nks.
Educati on in the Un ited States is p rovided mainly by gover nment, with con trol and funding coming from
three levels: federal, state, and local.
American educational system gives it students three kind of courses. They are general education courses,
required courses and elective .
Most America n atte nd twelve years of primary and sec on dary school
, with a sec on dary
school diploma or certificate, a student can enter college or university.
Study at college or university leading to the Bachelor' Degree is known as undergraduate education . Study
beyond the Bachelor' Degree is known as graduate school or postgraduate educati on . 7. Historically, higher educati on in the US was the way for an in dividual to en ter a
pro fessi on . I 1. 4. 5. 6. I
I A. B. C. D. 2. A.
B. C. D.
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.
A.
B.
C.
D.
5.
A. All of the follow ing is true about America n educati on EXCE PT ____________ .
Most Childre n begi n eleme ntary educati on with kin dergarte n and finish sec on dary educati on with twelfth grade
Un like most other in dustrialized coun tries, the US does not have a cen tralized educati onal system on the n ati onal scale.
Junior high school usually in cludes grades six and eight.
Schooli ng is compu Isory for all childre n in the US, and the age for which school atte ndance is required is the same in all states.
Which of the followi ng is true about the differe nee betwee n p rivate and p ublic schools?
Private schools are schools that are provided by federal funding while public schools are p rovided by state funding.
Atte nding p ublic school is compu Isory while atte nding p rivate school is of personal choice.
Atte nding p rivate school dema nds families pay tuiti on while p ublic schools are free.
Only p ublic school could lead to the un dergraduate educati on.
Eleme ntary and sec on dary educati on in the US covers ____________ years.
9
B.
C.
D.
6.
A.
B.
C.
D.
7.
A.
B.
C.
D.
8.
A.
B.
C. 11
12
14
Higher educati on in the US bega n with founding of
Harvard Un iversity
Harvard College
William and Mary College
Sta nford Uni versity
Which of the follow ing is un likely to p rovide graduated studies?
A state uni versity
An in stitute of tech no logy
A p rofessi onal school
A tech ni cal in stitute
Stude nts who want to study laws in the US must first obta in a _ high school diploma bachelor degree
coeducati onal
in 1636.
D. p ublicly supported by taxes
III Judge whether each stateme nt is true(T) or false(F).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. (T) In the colon iai p eriod, in struct ion of religio n was com mon in both schools and colleges in America, and educati on was still a luxury in stead of p riority.
(F) School curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are all set by the federal gover nment. (T) Higher educati on in the US has now become a right rather tha n p rivilege.
(T) The ideal of equality of opportunity is fully realized in educati on in the US.
(T) American schools stress cultivating students’ independent thinking rather than the memorizati on of facts.
V Exp lai n each item in your own words
Ivy League in cludi ng 8 uni versities, n amely Brow n Un iversity, Columbia Un iversity. Corn ell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, University of Pennsylvania, Princeton Uni versity, Yale Un iversity Community college: community college offers a variety of certificates and two-year associate degree programs. Community colleges are public institutions supported in large part by gover nment funding and taxes.
VI Questi ons for short an swers
1. What will en title America n stude nts to get the acce ptance of college and uni versity 1) the con diti ons of app licati on for a college educati on: 2) student ' s high school records
3) recomme ndati on from their high school teachers
4) the imp ressi on they make duri ng in terview at the uni versity 5) their scores on the Scholastic Ap titude Tests (SATs)
2. Name the three principal functions of the system of higher educati on in the US. They are teachi ng, research and p ublic service.
VII Questi ons for discussi on
1. What characteristics of the higher educati on in America imp ress you most?
2. How are the America n values of freedom and democracy reflected in its educati on system?
US Gover nment and Politics
I Fill in the bla nks.
1.
The US p reside ntial elect ion is held in November each leap year, while elect ions for both
Houses are held in November each
even-nu mbered year.
2.
The state executive po wer is give n to the gover nor while the federal executive po wer is
give n to the P reside nt
3. The executive , the legislature and the judicial are three branches of the Federal gover nment.
4.
5. 6. 7.
II
Choose the most approp riate an swer to each questi on or stateme nt.
1. H0W many terms was Fran kli n Roosevelt elected for? A one B Two C Three
6. 7. 8.
(T) Sp ecial pro fessi ons such as medic in e, law, or p ublic school adm ini strati on in the US require graduate degrees.
(F) America n p ublic schools are supported by taxes and con trolled by the federal gover nment. (T)The p hilos ophy of p ragmatism is a guidi ng principle of the America n educatio n p ractice.
The US Con gress can remove a P reside nt by a sp ecial kind of p olitical trial called imp eachme nt
In 1971, a con stituti onal ame ndme nt set the minimum voti ng age at 18 The —_13th_ Ame ndme nt abolished slavery in the Un ited States.
Con gress can override a p reside ntial veto, but to do so, 2/3 of each chamber must vote in favor of the bill.
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D Four
2.How many seats does the House of Rep rese ntatives have?
A 635
B 100
C 435
D 345
3.Who was the first US Preside nt resig ned from office?
A An drew Joh nson
B Richard Nixo n
C Gerald Ford
D Jimmy Carter
5.The removal of Justices can only be done through ________________ .
A the Preside nt
B the Con gress
C imp eachme nt
D the Sup reme Court
6.what is the most important wea pon in the hand of Sup reme Court?
A.veto
B.Overrid ing a veto
C.Imp eachme nt
D.Judicial review.
7.There are curre ntly
Sup reme Court justices on the bench.
A.7
B.9
C.11
D.13
8.The role of the America n p reside nt in cludes the follow ing EXCE PT
ma nd the armed forces
B.n egotiate and sig n treaties
C.p ass laws
D.appoint certa in personnel
9.Each members of Congress is elected by the people of his or her state. The House of
Rep rese ntatives, with membersh ip based on state popu lati ons, has ____________ seats.
A.435
B.100
C.50
D.200
10. _______ won the p reside ncy four times but died shortly into his last term.
A.George Wash ington
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B. Thomas Jeffers on
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Fran klin Rooselvt
III J udge whether each stateme nt is true(T) or false(F). 1. (T) The sup reme law in the US is the Con stituti on
2. (F) The con stituti onal ame ndme nt in 1933 outlawed alcoholic liquor, but ano ther ame ndme nt allowed it
again in 1919.
3. (F) The Supreme Court is composed of eight Justices who are appointed for life by the Preside nt with the
consent of the Sen ate .
4. (T) The basic system of law in US courts has bee n deve loped from the En glish Common Law.
5. (F) Most of the bills introduced to Congress can eventually become law .
6. (F) For the US, one of the basic principles is socialist democracy
V Questi ons for short an swers
1. The duty of gover nors
1 to carry out the laws made by the legislative assembly
2 to do those thi ngs that are n ecessary for the con duct of gover nment not n ecessarily based on sp ecific legal po wers
VII Questi ons for discussi on
Compared to other types of political systems, what can we learn from American design of gover nment? PI ease list two sets of merits and demerits of America n gover nment.
US Entertainment ——Music
PART I Choose the correct an swer.
1. _______ originated in the 1940s of the United States, beginning to be pop in the early 1950s and quickly beco ming popu lar in the world. A rock
2. The characteristic of the US Con stituti on
1)
2)
3)
4)
Un like the Articles of Con federati on, the Con stitutio n established a stro nger federal government. It provided for a Supreme Court and lesser federal courts, and it gave executive po wer to an elected p reside nt. The Constitution established the principle of a balanee of power ” to be maintained among the three bala nces of gover nment —the executive, the legislative and judicial. To prevent a po werful cen tral gover nment tramp li ng on the liberties of the people, the Bill of Rights were added to the Con stitutio n in 1791. Thus the Constitution and the Bill of Rights struck a balanee between two aspects of American politics — the need for a strong, efficient central authority and the need to en sure in dividual
liberties.
B country music
C musical
D pop music
as “ the king of rock music ”
2.People called _______
A Michael Jackson
B.Elvis Aaron P resley
C John Dennver
D. George Strait
3.Country music is rooted in the 1920s from the traditional folk music, integrated except with _______ .
A.Gospel music
B.Celtic music
C.classical music
D.I ndia n music
4.Michael Jacks on is the sec ond Elvis Presley, known as the ______________
A.King of Jazz
B.King of Rock
C.King of Pop
D.Ki ng of Hip-hop
5.Musical text by the follow ing several parts compo siti on exce pt —
A.lyrics
B.score
C.sin gers
D.book/scri pt
6.Who had won four trop hies at the 2010 Grammy Awards?
A.Taylor Swift
B.Justi n Bieber
C.beyonce
D.Adele
7.Typ ical Africa n America n musical styles in clude the followi ng exce pt
A.jazz
B.rock and roll
C.hip hop
D.folk music
8.Jazz' roots is believed to come from _________________
A. New Orlea ns
B.Chicago
C.Hust on
D.San Fran cisco
9.In the ______ , jazz became a major part of America n music
A. 1920s
B. 1930s
C. 1980s
D. 1960s
10.Country music bands of the early twentieth century primarily consisted of the following in strume nts EXCE PT _______________
A.the fiddle
B guitar
C banjo D. piano
11. country music bega n in A. New York City
B. App alachia n Moun tai n
C. California
D. Nashville
P ART II Fill in the bla nks
1. Rock and roll developed out of country, blues, and R&B.
2. Today subject of country music is fhe good old days ”.
3. Rhythm and Blues is the full translation of “ R&B ”，it still transition between Bruce and soul music.
4. The Grammy Awards are p rese nted annu ally by the Nati onal Academy of Record ing Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry.
III True or False Stateme nt
1. (F) Common in strume nts used in country music are trump et, piano, and sax ophone.
2. (T) Rock ' meaning is to criticized the social problems bravely and let out to the discontent of reality.
3..(T) The Broadway musical can point in the Broadway musical stage area, refers to all the app roximate Broadway musical style
4. (T ) Rock ' 'oll is not only a form of music but also a lifestyle.
5. (T ) Country music was orig in ally p layed and liste ned to by America n farmers.
IV Fi nd the exact sig nals or descri pti ons of each holidays resp ectively. Armstro ng Lin ki n Park Taylor Swift Jay Z Cats
America n
Family
I. Fill in the bla nks
1. Accord ing to the U.S. gover nment, a family is those people who live with others to whom they are related by blood, marriage, or adop ti on.
2. Average American family size is
3.2 people
3. The nuclear family consists of a husband, wife and their children, living in a house ap artme nt.
4. As breadwinner , man is responsible for financial support of the home and family members.
5. Milli ons of middle-aged America ns — members of the sandwich generation —take care both their childre n and paren ts.
6. Glorificati on of youth and in differe nee to the aged have left many older people alie nated and
alone.
7. Today, more than 54% of American women work
in the 1970s.
Jazz Rock
country music Hi p-hop
Op era
or
of
8.America n childre n have bee n exp ected to graduate from
“leave the nest 18 ”_, aftertbbiutyage _ high school.
Defin iti on
1.Family
Accord ing to the U.S. gover nment, a family is those people who live with others to whom they are related by blood, marriage, or ado pti on.
2.The exte nded family
Consist of the immediate family, and other relatives connected by blood or marriage such as Grandparen ts, aun ts, un cles, cous ins, nep hews, ni eces, and in-laws.
V. Explan ati on
1. List the family types of America
1)The nu clear family
2)The exte nded family
3)One-parent/ sin gle-parent family
4)Ble nded family
5)Homosexual/ gay/ lesbia n family
6)Dink family
2.The role of man and woma n in a family
Man: “ breadwinner rWs—nsible for financial support of the home and family members. Woma n: housewife —respon sible for emotio nal support, child rais ing, and housekee ping. Chan ges: work ing mothers, househusba nds
Compo siti on
1.What do you think are the disti net differe nces betwee n Wester n and Chin ese families?
2.What challe nges are sin gle-parent families facing up with?。