现在完成时讲解与练习

现在完成时讲解与练习

1，现在完成时

现在完成时由助动词have/has后面跟过去分词组成。

现在完成时的两种用法。

（a）一直继续到现在的动作和情况。

我们经常用简单的现在完成时来表示过去开始的动作和情况，这个动作和情况一直延续到现在。I have lived in Greece since 1976. We have known each other for a long time.

(b)已经完成的动作和事情

现在完成时常常用来表示已经全部完结的，过去的动作和事情，只是在过去的事情对现在仍有意思是才这么用。

The President has been assassinated. (The president is dead now)

I can’t go on holiday because I have broken my leg. (My leg is broken.)

现在完成时常常与不定的时间副词或表示时间的词组连用。如；

ever, never; before; yet; already; all this year; all my life; so far; during the 20th century; recently; lately; since; for 等等

请注意，since 后面跟着提到某一点时间。而for后面跟着提到一段时间。

She has worked here since 1948.

She has worked here for more than 50 years.

及时巩固：

一，单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good

Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better

Answers: BBCDC

2，现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换

现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，并可以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，也可以用在以―how long‖提问的句子中，句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。但是，有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的，这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如：come, go, reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die, begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中，非延续性动词作谓语动词时，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。

同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时，常会出现错误。例如：

（误）Tom has bought the book for a week.

（正）Tom has had the book for a week.

（误）My father had joined the Party for ten years.

（正）My father has been in the Party for ten years.

如果要表示动作的连续性，就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语，具体转换如下：

come/go/reach/arrive→be in/at, leave→be away from, borrow→keep,

buy→have, join→be in/be a member of, die→be dead, start/begin→be on,

finish/end→be over, open→be open (adj.), close→be closed (adj.), marry→be married

注意：

1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语，并可以与for，since 引导的时间状语连用，表示动作的延续过程。例如：

She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.

2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中，非延续性动词作谓语时不能与for，since引

导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。例如：He has been away from Beijing for two years.

= He left Beijing two years ago.

= It is two years since he left Beijing.

= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.

练习：用现在完成时改写下列句子，使A，B两句意思基本一致。每空限填一词。

1. A. They came to our school in 1980.

B. They ____ ____ ____ our school since 1980.

2. A. The man died five years ago.

B. The man ____ ____ ____ for five years.

3. A. The meeting began two minutes ago.

B. The meeting ____ ____ ____ for two minutes.

4. A. We borrowed two books last week.

B. We ____ ____ the two books for a week.

5. A. When did the train arrive here?

B. How long ____ the train ____ here?

3，The Present Perfect Passive Voice现在完成时的被动语态复习

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如：

1. The dirty clothes have been washed. 脏衣服都已经洗了。

2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.

这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。

3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.

这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。

现在完成时的被动语态的特征：

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt. 张飞庙已经过重建

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。