掺假牛羊肉的鉴定

摘要

肉类是我国居民消费最大的食品之一,然而掺假事件时有发生,这不仅对消费者的

经济利益造成损害,，更有甚者会对人类身体健康造成影响,因此对肉类掺假进行检测鉴别显得十分重要。目前,国内外最常用的检测方法有PCR检测技术、电子舌电子鼻法、近红外光谱技术、色谱技术等。本研究将在这里，我们将利用三类方法对肉类进行鉴定：一、根据动物细胞中细胞色素b基因的序列保守性，设计并合成种属特异性引物，用PCR 扩增技术得到肉和肉制品的目标DNA片段，通过荧光定量PCR技术，根据目标DNA片段的大小的不同来判断肉和肉制品种类。二、根据仿生学原理，利用电子鼻和电子舌中对不同物质敏感程度不同的传感器对肉中特有的气味和味道信号的辨别和收集，通过软件优化后采用主成分分析法来对不同肉种类加以区分。三、通过对光谱信息分析而提取出物质的特征信息的近红外光谱技术结合主成分分析法对不同动物来源肉进行分析。三种方法均能够快速、准确的判断肉和肉制品的种类，且检测成本都较低，通过三种技术的强强联合为行业检测肉类提供了强有力的技术保障。我们不但能将假肉区分开，还可以检测出肉中的掺假比例。

关键词：PCR扩增，qPCR，电子舌，电子鼻，近红外光谱技术，掺假肉类鉴别

Abstract

Meat consumption is one of the largest food, but have occurred adulteration, which not only cause damage to the economic interests of consumers, worse impact on human health, so the meat adulteration detecting identification is very important. At present, domestic and foreign most commonly used detection methods are PCR detection technology, electronic tongue electronic nose method, near infrared spectroscopy, chromatography technology. This study will be here, we will use three kinds of meat identification methods: First, based on sequence conservation of animal cells, the cytochrome b gene was designed and synthesized species-specific primers by PCR amplification techniques to get meat and Meat target DNA fragments by quantitative PCR, depending on the size of the target DNA fragments to determine the type of meat and meat products. Second, according to the principle of bionics, the use of electronic nose and electronic tongue sensitivity to different substances different sensors to identify and collect meat unique smell and taste signals, after the adoption of software to optimize the use of principal component analysis to different types of meat distinction. Third, through the analysis of spectral information and feature information extracted substances near infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis of meat from different species were analyzed. Three methods are able to quickly and accurately determine the type of meat and meat products, and testing costs are low, through the powerful combination of three techniques for detecting the meat industry to provide a strong technical support. We not only can distinguish fake meat, can also detect adulteration of meat ratio.

Keywords:PCR amplification，qPCR，smartnose，smartongue，NIRS，identification of adulterated meat

目录

摘要 (1)

Abstract (2)

目录 (3)

1 文献综述 (1)

1.1 课题背景 (1)

1.2 研究现状 (1)

1.3 研究意义 (1)

1.4 文献综述 (2)

1.5 研究方案确定 (5)

2 实验流程和方案依据及原理说明 (6)

2.1 分子生物学部分 (6)

2.1.1 基因组抽提 (6)

2.1.2 引物设计原理 (6)

2.1.3 PCR原理 (7)

2.1.4 琼脂糖凝胶电泳原理 (8)

2.1.5 QPCR原理 (8)

2.2 仿生生物学部分 (8)

2.2.1 电子鼻检测原理 (8)

2.2.2 电子舌检测原理 (9)

2.2.3 近红外光谱定性分析原理 (10)

3 实验方法 (11)

3.1 实验材料 (11)

3.2 实验仪器 (11)

3.3 细胞破碎 (12)

3.4 EZUP柱式动物组织基因抽提 (12)

3.5 PCR步骤 (17)

3.6 Q PCR操作步骤及数据处理 (18)

3.7 电子鼻操作步骤 (18)

3.8 电子舌操作步骤 (19)

3.9 电子鼻、电子舌数据处理 (19)

3.10 近红外光谱定性分析操作步骤及数据处理 (20)