战略管理第六章 全球市场中的竞争战略中英文

Two Primary Patterns of International Competition(国际竞争的两种 模式)
Multi-country Competition(跨国竞争 跨国竞争) 跨国竞争
Global Competition(全球 全球 竞争) 竞争
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Help achieve lower costs(达到低成本 达到低成本 Capitalize on resource strengths and Competencies (利用资源战略和竞争力 利用资源战略和竞争力
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Spread business risk across wider market base(使公 使公 司所面临的行业风险有更 广阔的市场基础) 广阔的市场基础
Cross-Country Differences in Cultural, Demographic, and Market Conditions
Cultures and lifestyles differ among countries (各国文化和生活方式的同) Differences in market demographics (市场人口统计的不同)
Characteristics of Multi-Country Competition(跨国竞争的特点) Each country market is self-contained(各国市场都是独立的) Competition in one country market is independent of competition in other country markets(一个国家的竞争力独立 与其他国家的竞争) Rivals competing in one country market differ from set of rivals competing in another country market (一个国家的 竞争对抗不同于另外国家的市场) Rivals vie for national market leadership (竞争是为了争做 市场的领导者) No “international” market, just a collection of country markets(没有国际市场,仅仅只有国内市场)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Characteristics of Global Competition(全球市场的特点)
=
(政府贸易政策的不同)
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
How Markets Differ from Country to Country(国与国间不同的市场营销) Consumer tastes and preferences(消费者的 兴趣和偏好) Consumer buying habits(消费者购买习惯) Market size and growth potential(市场规模和 增长潜力) Distribution channels(直销渠道) Driving forces(驱动力) Competitive pressures (竞争压力)
Strategies for Local Companies in Emerging Markets 当地公司在新兴市场上的战略） （当地公司在新兴市场上的战略）
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Variations in manufacturing and distribution costs (制造和成本分布的变化) Fluctuating exchange rates(汇率变化) Differences in host government trade policies
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Potential Locational Advantages Stemming from Cost Variations Among Countries (国家间潜在的本 地优势来源于可变成本)
Why is the World Economy Globalizing?（为什么 世界经济会全球化？）
Previously closed national economies are opening up their markets to foreign companies （首 先封闭的国内经济完全向外国公司开 放） Importance of geographic distance is shrinking due to the Internet（地理 差异重要性的收缩是因为因特尔的发 展) Growth-minded companies are racing to stake out positions in the markets of more and more countries(公司意识的增强促进了在越 来越多国家市场的地位)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Differences in Host Government Trade Policies(东道国政府贸易政策的差异)
Local content requirements(本地需求) Import tariffs or quotas(进口关税或配额) Restrictions on exports(出口限制) Regulations regarding prices of imports(进口价 格规则) Other regulations(其他规则)
CHAPTER 6
STRATEGIES FOR COMPETING IN GLOBALIZING MARKETS
全球市场中的竞争战略
Screen graphics created by: Jana F. Kuzmicki, PhD, Mississippi University for Women
McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
International vs. Global Competition (国际竞争与全球竞争的区别)
International or Multinational Competitor (国际竞争者 或多国竞争者)
Technical standards(技术标准) Product certification(产品认证) Prior approval of capital spending projects(资本投资项 目预先审批) Withdrawal of funds from country(从该国撤资) Minority ownership by©local McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2003 The citizens(当地居民的少数所 有权)
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
What is the Motivation for Competing Internationally?(什么是国际竞争的驱 动因素?)
Gain access to new customers (赢取新顾客 赢取新顾客) 赢取新顾客 Obtain access to valuable natural Resource (获得优价值的自然资 获得优价值的自然资 源)
Company markets products in 50 to 100 countries and is expanding operations into additional country markets annually(公司产品已进入 50-100种而每年还在不断进入)
© 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.
Company operates in a select few foreign countries, with modest ambitions to expand further(一家 公司进入一个或多个国外市场,并 且开始争夺全球市场)
Global Competitor (全球竞争者)
McGraw-Companies Expand into Foreign Markets （ 公司为什么要向国 外市场拓展） 外市场拓展） Cross-Country Differences（ 跨国差异） （ 跨国差异） The Competitive Environment: Multi-country or Global Competition? 国际竞争与全球竞争的区别） （国际竞争与全球竞争的区别） Strategy Options for Entering and Competing in Foreign Markets 进入国外市场并参与国外市场竞争的战略选择） （进入国外市场并参与国外市场竞争的战略选择） Pursuing Competitive Advantage by Competing Multinationally （通过跨国竞争获取竞争优势） 通过跨国竞争获取竞争优势） Profit Sanctuaries, Cross-Market Subsidization, and Global Offensives （ 利润保护，跨市场补贴和全球战略进攻） 利润保护，跨市场补贴和全球战略进攻） Strategic Alliances and Joint Ventures with Foreign Partners 与国外合作伙伴建立战略联盟和合资企业） （与国外合作伙伴建立战略联盟和合资企业） Competing in Emerging Foreign Markets 在新兴的国外市场上竞争） （在新兴的国外市场上竞争）
Manufacturing costs vary based on(制造成本变化基于) Wage rates (工资率) Worker productivity (工人劳动率) Natural resource availability (可得的自然资源) Inflation rates (通货膨胀率) Energy costs (能源成本) Tax rates (税率) Quality of a country’s business environment (一国的商业环 境) Clustering of suppliers, trade associations, and makers of complementary products(供应商,贸易伙伴,制造商)