虚拟语气讲解和练习(附答案)

虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）概念理解

一、动词的语气

语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood)

1.陈述语气

Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗？

How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊！

2.祈使语气

Come this way, please! 请这边走。

Don't make any noise, will you 别吵，行吗？

Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。

3.虚拟语气

If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。

I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！

知识清单

清单一、条件句中的虚拟语气

A．真实条件句

If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来，我们就不等他了。

If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 过去发生洪水的话，常有很大的生命和财产损失。

We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们将去那里。

I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净，我就让你用我的自行车。

B．非真实条件句

与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语：were / did 主句的谓语：would (could/should/might) + do

与过去事实相反if条件句的谓语：had done 主句的谓：would (could/should/might) + have done

与将来事实相反if条件句的谓语：did/were 主句的谓：should (would /could/might/ were to) + do

基本规律：

1．表示与现在事实相反的条件

。would、could、might存在词义上的区别。

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。

If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去试试。

If wishes were horses, beggars might ride. 如果幻想能成为马匹，叫花子都有了坐骑

2．表示与过去事实相反的条件

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。

If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。

The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。

3．表示在将来不太可能实现的条件: 条件从句有三种形式：

①were/did

If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在这里的话，我就和他谈谈。

If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下来，会打碎的。

If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有时间，就会帮我了。

②should do

条件从句中不管什么人称都用

If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，庄稼可能就有救了。

We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是诚实的，那我们就相信他。

③were to do

条件从句用

If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。

If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校长来了，我们对他说什么呢？

对比：

将来不太可能实现的三种非真实条件句中的虚拟语气对比

If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。（常用形式）

If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性较小）

If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的话，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）

用倒装结构。

Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）

Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议，就不会考试不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）

Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）

If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.如果你昨天不看电视，你现在也就不会这么困了。（从句yesterday说明过去，主句now说明现在）

If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他们今天一早就离开家的话，再过半小时他们就该到了。（从句说明过去，主句说明将来。）

If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future.如果你此刻犹豫不决，你将来会吃苦头的。（从句